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For many of the envisioned optoelectronic applications of graphene it is crucial to understand the sub-picosecond carrier dynamics immediately following photoexcitation, as well as the effect on the electrical conductivity - the…

Understanding and controlling hot-carrier relaxation in graphene is crucial for advancing ultrafast optoelectronic and terahertz technologies. Here, we investigate carrier cooling dynamics in monolayer and bilayer graphene using…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Sachin Sharm , Elliott Walker , Rachael Myers-Ward , Jenifer Hajzus , Yijing Liu , Paola Barbara , Ioannis Chatzakis

Long lifetimes of hot carriers can lead to qualitatively new types of responses in materials. The magnitude and time scales for these responses reflect the mechanisms governing energy flows. We examine the microscopics of two processes…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-04-06 Justin C. W. Song , Leonid S. Levitov

We study the carrier dynamics in epitaxially grown graphene in the range of photon energies from 10 - 250 meV. The experiments complemented by microscopic modeling reveal that the carrier relaxation is significantly slowed down as the…

The nonequilibrium dynamics of carriers and phonons in graphene is investigated by solving the microscopic kinetic equations with the carrier-phonon and carrier-carrier Coulomb scatterings explicitly included. The Fermi distribution of hot…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-03-15 B. Y. Sun , Y. Zhou , M. W. Wu

We investigate the energy relaxation of hot carriers produced by photoexcitation of graphene through coupling to both intrinsic and remote (substrate) surface polar phonons using the Boltzmann equation approach. We find that the energy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-08-15 Tony Low , Vasili Perebeinos , Raseong Kim , Marcus Freitag , Phaedon Avouris

The broadband and ultrafast photoresponse of graphene has been extensively studied in recent years, although the photoexcited carrier dynamics is still far from being completely understood. Different experimental approaches imply either one…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-08-22 Sergey Menabde , Hyunwoo Cho , Namkyoo Park

Graphene is widely recognized for its ultrafast and broadband photocurrent response, but whether the broadband ultrafast characteristics are preserved at mid-infrared wavelengths with photon energies below the optical phonon energy remains…

We study, by means of a Monte Carlo simulator, the hot phonon effect on the relaxation dynamics in photoexcited graphene and its quantitative impact as compared to considering an equilibrium phonon distribution. Our multi-particle approach…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-02-02 José M. Iglesias , María J. Martín , Elena Pascual , Raúl Rengel

Using optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy, we study the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited carriers in graphene at different temperatures. We find that at lower temperatures the tail of the relaxation transients as measured by the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Jared H. Strait , Haining Wang , Shriram Shivaraman , Virgil B. Shields , Michael G. Spencer , Farhan Rana

We explore the relaxation of photo-excited graphene by solving a transient Boltzmann transport equation with electron-phonon (e-ph) and electron-electron (e-e) scattering. Simulations show that when the excited carriers are relaxed by e-ph…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-09-15 Raseong Kim , Vasili Perebeinos , Phaedon Avouris

Graphene is emerging as a viable alternative to conventional optoelectronic, plasmonic, and nanophotonic materials. The interaction of light with carriers creates an out-of-equilibrium distribution, which relaxes on an ultrafast timescale…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-06-25 D. Brida , A. Tomadin , C. Manzoni , Y. J. Kim , A. Lombardo , S. Milana , R. R. Nair , K. S. Novoselov , A. C. Ferrari , G. Cerullo , M. Polini

Understanding the ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited charges in graphene is essential, as the microscopic mechanisms underlying these dynamics determine many of graphene's optical, optothermal, and optoelectronic properties. These are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Hai I. Wang , Xiaoyu Jia , Anand Nivedan , Mischa Bonn , Aron W. Cummings , Alessandro Principi , Klaas-Jan Tielrooij

Using ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy, we study the relaxation dynamics of hot optical phonons in few-layer and multi-layer graphene films grown by epitaxy on silicon carbide substrates and by chemical vapor deposition on nickel…

The transient evolution of carriers in an intrinsic graphene under ultrafast excitation, which is caused by the collisionless interband transitions, is studied theoretically. The energy relaxation due to the quasielastic acoustic phonon…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 P. N. Romanets , F. T. Vasko

Hot electron effects in graphene are significant because of graphene's small electronic heat capacity and weak electron-phonon coupling, yet the dynamics and cooling mechanisms of hot electrons in graphene are not completely understood. We…

Optical pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy has been used to investigate ultrafast photo-induced charge carrier transport in 3.4 $\mu$m wide graphene ribbons upon scaling the optical pump intensity. For low pump fluences, the deposited pump…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-02 Arvind Singh , Hynek Němec , Jan Kunc , Petr Kužel

Many promising optoelectronic devices, such as broadband photodetectors, nonlinear frequency converters, and building blocks for data communication systems, exploit photoexcited charge carriers in graphene. For these systems, it is…

The conversion of light into free electron-hole pairs constitutes the key process in the fields of photodetection and photovoltaics. The efficiency of this process depends on the competition of different relaxation pathways and can be…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-04-24 K. J. Tielrooij , J. C. W. Song , S. A. Jensen , A. Centeno , A. Pesquera , A. Zurutuza Elorza , M. Bonn , L. S. Levitov , F. H. L. Koppens

Since graphene has no band gap, photoluminescence is not expected from relaxed charge carriers. We have, however, observed significant light emission from graphene under excitation by ultrashort (30-fs) laser pulses. Light emission was…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2010-09-20 Chun Hung Lui , Kin Fai Mak , Jie Shan , Tony F. Heinz
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