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We study Martin-L\"{o}f random (ML-random) points on computable probability measures on sample and parameter spaces (Bayes models). We consider variants of conditional randomness defined by ML-randomness on Bayes models and those of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Hayato Takahashi

We propose a general method for constructing hypothesis tests and confidence sets that have finite sample guarantees without regularity conditions. We refer to such procedures as "universal." The method is very simple and is based on a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-21 Larry Wasserman , Aaditya Ramdas , Sivaraman Balakrishnan

The linear regression model with a random variable (RV) measurement matrix, where the mean of the random measurement matrix has full column rank, has been extensively studied. In particular, the quasiconvexity of the maximum likelihood…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-16 Ruohai Guo , Jiang Zhu , Xing Jiang , Fengzhong Qu

The Lempel-Ziv universal coding scheme is asymptotically optimal for the class of all stationary ergodic sources. A problem of robustness of this property under small violations of ergodicity is studied. A notion of deficiency of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-06-30 V. V. V'yugin

We study the expressibility and learnability of convex optimization solution functions and their multi-layer architectural extension. The main results are: \emph{(1)} the class of solution functions of linear programming (LP) and quadratic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Ming Jin , Vanshaj Khattar , Harshal Kaushik , Bilgehan Sel , Ruoxi Jia

Universality of eigenvalue spacings is one of the basic characteristics of random matrices. We give the precise meaning of universality and discuss the standard universality classes (sine, Airy, Bessel) and their appearance in unitary,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-01-20 A. B. J. Kuijlaars

Algorithmic randomness theory starts with a notion of an individual random object. To be reasonable, this notion should have some natural properties; in particular, an object should be random with respect to image distribution if and only…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-15 Laurent Bienvenu , Mathieu Hoyrup , Alexander Shen

We study the properties of the Minimum Description Length principle for sequence prediction, considering a two-part MDL estimator which is chosen from a countable class of models. This applies in particular to the important case of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Jan Poland , Marcus Hutter

We consider pairs of finite-length individual sequences that are realizations of unknown, finite alphabet, stationary sources in a clas M of sources with vanishing memory (e.g. stationary Markov sources). The task of a universal classifier…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-11-08 Jacob Ziv

We elaborate the notions of Martin-L\"of and Schnorr randomness for real numbers in terms of uniform distribution of sequences. We give a necessary condition for a real number to be Schnorr random expressed in terms of classical uniform…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-11-30 Verónica Becher , Serge Grigorieff

Effective Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) represents a key aspect for reliable deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in automated decision-making and beyond. Yet, for LLM generation with multiple choice structure, the state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ramzi Dakhmouche , Adrien Letellier , Hossein Gorji

We reformulate slightly Russell's notion of typicality, so as to eliminate its circularity and make it applicable to elements of any first-order structure. We argue that the notion parallels Martin-L\"{o}f (ML) randomness, in the sense that…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-03-22 Athanassios Tzouvaras

In this paper, we study Bernoulli random sequences, i.e., sequences that are Martin-L\"of random with respect to a Bernoulli measure $\mu_p$ for some $p\in[0,1]$, where we allow for the possibility that $p$ is noncomputable. We focus in…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Christopher P. Porter

Universally achievable error exponents pertaining to certain families of channels (most notably, discrete memoryless channels (DMC's)), and various ensembles of random codes, are studied by combining the competitive minimax approach,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-08-01 Yaniv Akirav , Neri Merhav

Calibration of mean estimates for predictions is a crucial property in many applications, particularly in the fields of financial and actuarial decision-making. In this paper, we first review classical approaches for validating…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-29 Łukasz Delong , Mario Wüthrich

Robustness and generalization ability of machine learning models are of utmost importance in various application domains. There is a wide interest in efficient ways to analyze those properties. One important direction is to analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Khoat Than , Dat Phan , Giang Vu

We demonstrate that the Weihrauch lattice can be used to classify the uniform computational content of computability-theoretic properties as well as the computational content of theorems in one common setting. The properties that we study…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-11-12 Vasco Brattka , Matthew Hendtlass , Alexander P. Kreuzer

We consider the problem of quantifying the quality of a model selection problem for a graphical model. We discuss this by formulating the problem as a detection problem. Model selection problems usually minimize a distance between the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-19 Navid Tafaghodi Khajavi , Anthony Kuh

It has been observed that the performances of many high-dimensional estimation problems are universal with respect to underlying sensing (or design) matrices. Specifically, matrices with markedly different constructions seem to achieve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Rishabh Dudeja , Subhabrata Sen , Yue M. Lu

We prove two theorems related to the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) for Martin-L\"of Random (MLR) sequences. Martin-L\"of randomness attempts to capture what it means for a sequence of bits to be "truly random". By contrast, CLTs do not make…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-31 Anton Vuerinckx , Yves Moreau