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We begin by describing a sequential growth model in which the universe grows one element at a time in discrete time steps. At each step, the process has the form of a causal set and the "completed" universe is given by a path consisting of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-04-27 Stan Gudder

We give here a covariant definition of the path integral formalism for the Lagrangian, which leaves a freedom to choose anyone of many possible quantum systems that correspond to the same classical limit without adding new potential terms…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 Andres Jordan , Matias Libedinsky

We study a formulation of lattice gravity defined via Euclidean dynamical triangulations (EDT). After fine-tuning a non-trivial local measure term we find evidence that four-dimensional, semi-classical geometries are recovered at long…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-25 J. Laiho , S. Bassler , D. Coumbe , D. Du , J. T. Neelakanta

Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) is a lattice approach to quantum gravity. CDT has rich phase structure, including a semiclassical phase consistent with Einstein's general relativity. Some of the observed phase transitions are second…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-04 Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki

Starting from certain causality conditions and a discrete form of general covariance, we derive a very general family of classically stochastic, sequential growth dynamics for causal sets. The resulting theories provide a relatively…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-05 D. P. Rideout , R. D. Sorkin

A reflexive relation on a set can be a starting point in defining the causal structure of a spacetime in General Relativity and other relativistic theories of gravity. If we identify this relation as the relation between lightlike separated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-07 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

As shown in previous work, there is a well-defined nonperturbative gravitational path integral including an explicit sum over topologies in the setting of Causal Dynamical Triangulations in two dimensions. In this paper we derive a complete…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 R. Loll , W. Westra , S. Zohren

The causal set theory (CST) approach to quantum gravity postulates that at the most fundamental level, spacetime is discrete, with the spacetime continuum replaced by locally finite posets or "causal sets". The partial order on a causal set…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-09 Sumati Surya

Quantum Gravity by Causal Dynamical Triangulation has over the last few years emerged as a serious contender for a nonperturbative description of the theory. It is a nonperturbative implementation of the sum-over-histories, which relies on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-05 J. Ambjorn , J. Jurkiewicz , R. Loll

The first goal of this paper is to show that discreteness, locality, and relativistic covariance can peacefully coexist if the ordinary spacetime (OST) is replaced with phase spacetime (PST) as a geometric background of a Poisson process,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-05-03 Roman Sverdlov

A temporally varying discretization often features in discrete gravitational systems and appears in lattice field theory models subject to a coarse graining or refining dynamics. To better understand such discretization changing dynamics in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-10-03 Philipp A. Hoehn

Learning causal relations from observational data is challenging because the graph search space grows super-exponentially with the number of variables. Ordering-based methods reduce this space by first identifying the topological ordering,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rafat Ashraf Joy , Elena Zheleva

Previous work on applications of Abstract Differential Geometry (ADG) to discrete Lorentzian quantum gravity is brought to its categorical climax by organizing the curved finitary spacetime sheaves of quantum causal sets involved therein,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Ioannis Raptis

The four dimensional Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) approach to quantum gravity is already more than ten years old theory with numerous unprecedented predictions such as non-trivial phase structure of gravitational field and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-31 Jakub Mielczarek

We study the discretization of 3d gravity with $\Lambda=0$ following the loop quantum gravity framework. In the process, we realize that different choices of polarization are possible. This allows to introduce a new discretization based on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-01 Maïté Dupuis , Laurent Freidel , Florian Girelli

We consider a class of infinite-dimensional optimization problems in which a distributed vector-valued variable should pointwise almost everywhere take values from a given finite set $\mathcal{M}\subset\mathbb{R}^m$. Such hybrid…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-09 Christian Clason , Carla Tameling , Benedikt Wirth

The goal of the present work is three-fold. The first goal is to set foundational results on optimal transport in Lorentzian (pre-)length spaces, including cyclical monotonicity, stability of optimal couplings and Kantorovich duality…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-14 Fabio Cavalletti , Andrea Mondino

Evaluating gravitational path integrals in the Lorentzian has been a long-standing challenge due to the numerical sign problem. We show that this challenge can be overcome in simplicial quantum gravity. By deforming the integration contour…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-03 Ding Jia

A universe much like the (Euclidean) de Sitter space-time appears as background geometry in the causal dynamical triangulation (CDT) regularization of quantum gravity. We study the geometry of such universes which appear in the path…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-13 J. Ambjorn , A. Goerlich , J. Jurkiewicz , R. Loll

Content: 1. Introduction 2. Regge calculus and dynamical triangulations Simplicial manifolds and piecewise linear spaces - dual complex and volume elements - curvature and Regge action - topological invariants - quantum Regge calculus -…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 F. David