Related papers: Neutron stars - thermal emitters
We study thermal structure and evolution of magnetars as cooling neutron stars with a phenomenological heat source in a spherical internal layer. We explore the location of this layer as well as the heating rate that could explain high…
The observation of thermal emission from isolated neutron stars and the modeling of the corresponding cooling curves has been very useful to get information on the properties of matter at very high densities. More recently, the detection of…
The possibility for direct investigation of thermal emission from isolated neutron stars was opened about 25 years ago with the launch of the first X-ray observatory, Einstein. A significant contribution to this study was provided by ROSAT…
Thermal surface radiation has been detected with X-ray instruments for several neutron stars with high spectral, spatial and timing resolution. These observations allow for direct study of fundamental properties of the source, but require…
The outstanding capabilities of the Chandra X-ray observatory have greatly increased our potential to observe and analyze thermal radiation from the surfaces of neutron stars (NSs). Such observations allow one to measure the surface…
We study the thermal structure and evolution of magnetars as cooling neutron stars with a phenomenological heat source in an internal layer. We focus on the effect of magnetized (B > 10^{14} G) non-accreted and accreted outermost envelopes…
After giving an overview of the history and idea of neutron stars, I shall introduce, in part one of my lectures, a representative collection of models for the equation of state of superdense neutron star matter, which account for various…
This work aims at studying how magnetic fields affect the observational properties and the long-term evolution of isolated neutron stars, which are the strongest magnets in the universe. The extreme physical conditions met inside these…
The impact of nuclear physics theories on cooling of isolated neutron stars is analyzed. Physical properties of neutron star matter important for cooling are reviewed such as composition, the equation of state, superfluidity of various…
Neutron stars are one of the most extreme objects in the universe, with densities that can exceed those of atomic nuclei and gravitational fields that are among the strongest known. Theoretical and observational research on neutron stars…
We construct atmosphere models for strongly magnetized neutron stars with surface fields $B\sim 10^{12}-10^{15}$ G and effective temperatures $T_{\rm eff}\sim 10^6-10^7$ K. The atmospheres directly determine the characteristics of thermal…
In this lecture, we give a first introduction to neutron stars, based on fundamental physical principles. After outlining their amazing macroscopic properties, as obtained from observations, we infer the extreme conditions of matter in…
The thermal structure of neutron star envelopes is discussed with emphasis on analytic results. Recent progress on the effect of chemical constitution and high magnetic fields on the opacities and the thermal structure is further reviewed…
The strong magnetic fields of neutron stars are closely linked to their observed thermal, spectral, and timing properties, such as the distribution of spin periods and their derivatives. To understand the evolution of astrophysical…
Using recently calculated analytic and numerical models for the thermal structure of ultramagnetized neutron stars, we estimate the effects that ultrastrong magnetic fields $B \ge 10^{14}$ G have on the thermal evolution of a neutron star.…
Near the surface of any neutron star there is a thin heat blanketing envelope that produces substantial thermal insulation of warm neutron star interiors and that relates the internal temperature of the star to its effective surface…
We study a simple model describing thermal radiation spectra from magnetized neutron stars. The model assumes that a star is nearly spherical and isothermal inside and possesses dipole magnetic fields ($B \lesssim 10^{14}$ G) near the…
Ages and thermal luminosities of neutron stars, inferred from observations, can be interpreted with the aid of the neutron star cooling theory to gain information on the properties of superdense matter in neutron-star interiors. We present…
The crust of a neutron star (NS) provides a unique laboratory for studying matter under extreme density and magnetic field conditions that cannot be realized in terrestrial experiments. However, direct observational constraints on its…
The strong magnetic field of neutron stars is intimately coupled to the observed temperature and spectral properties, as well as to the observed timing properties (distribution of spin periods and period derivatives). Thus, a proper…