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The one-dimensional crawling movement of a cell is considered in this theoretical study. Our active gel model shows that for a cell with weakly mechanosensitive adhesion complexes, as myosin contractility increases, a cell starts to move at…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-01-05 Jen-Yu Lo , Yuan-Heng Tseng , Hsuan-Yi Chen

The actin cortex is a thin layer of actin filaments and myosin motors beneath the outer membrane of animal cells. It determines the cells' mechanical properties and forms important morphological structures. Physical descriptions of the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 N. Levernier , K. Kruse

We present a thermodynamically consistent energetic variational model for active nematics driven by ATP hydrolysis, with a focus on the coupling between chemical reactions and mechanical dynamics. Extending the classical Toner-Tu framework,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-01 Yiwei Wang

Most computer simulations of molecular dynamics take place under equilibrium conditions--in a closed, isolated system, or perhaps one held at constant temperature or pressure. Sometimes, extra tensions, shears, or temperature gradients are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-25 Alex Albaugh , Todd R. Gingrich

Fueled by the hydrolysis of ATP, the motor protein kinesin literally walks on two legs along the biopolymer microtubule. The number of accidental backsteps that kinesin takes appears to be much larger than what one would expect given the…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-13 M. Bier , F. J. Cao

Dynamic instability of microtubules is considered using frameworks of non-linear thermodynamics and non-equilibrium reaction-diffusion systems. Stochastic assembly/disassembly phases in the polymerization dynamics of microtubules are…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-15 Eugene Katrukha

How chirality propagates across scales remains an open question in many biological and synthetic systems. An especially clear manifestation of this propagation is found in in vitro gliding assays of cytoskeletal filaments on surfaces,…

Mixtures of active and passive particles are predicted to exhibit a variety of nonequilibrium phases. Here we report a dynamic clustering phase in mixtures of colloids and motile bacteria. We show that colloidal clustering results from a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-05-25 Shreyas Gokhale , Junang Li , Alexandre Solon , Jeff Gore , Nikta Fakhri

Molecular motors are macromolecular complexes which use some form of input energy to perform mechanical work. The filamentary tracks, on which these motors move, are made of either proteins (e.g., microtubules) or nucleic acids (DNA or…

Molecular motors of the kinesin-1 family move in a directed and processive fashion along microtubules (MTs). It is generally accepted that steric hindrance of motors leads to crowding effects; however, little is known about the specific…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Matthias Rank , Erwin Frey

We present a microscopic model of a disordered viscoelastic active solid, i.e. an active material whose long time behaviour is elastic as opposed to viscous. It is composed of filaments, passive crosslinks and molecular motors powered by…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-07-15 Rhoda J. Hawkins , Tanniemola B. Liverpool

Robust self-organization of subcellular structures is a key principle governing the dynamics and evolution of cellular life. In fission yeast cells undergoing division, the mitotic spindle spontaneously emerges from the interaction of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-03 David A. Head , W. J. Briels , Gerhard Gompper

With their longest dimension typically being less than 100 nm, molecular motors are significantly below the optical-resolution limit. Despite substantial advances in fluorescence-based imaging methodologies, labeling with beads remains…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-06 Qiaochu Li , Stephen J. King , Ajay Gopinathan , Jing Xu

Kinesin-1 is an ATP-driven, two-headed motor protein that transports intracellular cargoes along microtubule. Based on recent experimental observations, we formulate a mechanochemical model for it, in which forward/backward/futile cycle of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-12-30 Beibei Shen , Yunxin Zhang

We study a model of synthetic molecular motor - a [3]-catenane consisting of two small macrocycles mechanically interlocked with a bigger one - subjected to a time-dependent driving using stochastic thermodynamics. The model presents…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-06-28 Massimo Bilancioni , Massimiliano Esposito , Emanuele Penocchio

Here we characterize the motility of athermal swimming droplets within the framework of active rotational diffusion. Just like active colloids, their trajectories can be modeled with a constant velocity $V$ and a slow angular diffusion, but…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-05-20 Adrien Izzet , Pepijn Moerman , Jan Groenewold , Jérôme Bibette , Jasna Brujić

We report numerical results for the hydrodynamics of inhomogeneous lyotropic and extensile active nematic gels. By simulating the coupled Cahn-Hilliard, Navier-Stokes, and Beris-Edwards equation for the evolution of the composition, flow…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-01-06 Renato Assante , Dom Corbett , Davide Marenduzzo , Alexander Morozov

Microtubules (MTs) nucleated by centrosomes form star-shaped structures referred to as asters. Aster motility and dynamics is vital for genome stability, cell division, polarization and differentiation. Asters move either towards the cell…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-21 Chaitanya A. Athale , Ana Dinarina , Francois Nedelec , Eric Karsenti

In many intracellular processes, the length distribution of microtubules is controlled by depolymerizing motor proteins. Experiments have shown that, following non-specific binding to the surface of a microtubule, depolymerizers are…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Bindu S. Govindan , Manoj Gopalakrishnan , Debashish Chowdhury

Microtubules (MTs) are cytoplasmic protein polymers that are essential for fundamental cellular processes including the maintenance of cell shape, organelle transport and formation of the mitotic spindle. Microtubule dynamic instability is…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2014-04-09 Chunlei Li , Jun Li , Holly V. Goodson , Mark S. Alber