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Given a symmetric exchange of three intervals, we provide a detailed description of the return times to a subinterval and the corresponding itineraries. We apply our results to morphisms fixing words coding non-degenerate three interval…
The framework of algebraically natural proofs was independently introduced in the works of Forbes, Shpilka and Volk (2018), and Grochow, Kumar, Saks and Saraf (2017), to study the efficacy of commonly used techniques for proving lower…
We find an explicit closed form for the subword complexity of the infinite fixed point of the morphism sending $a \rightarrow aab$ and $b \rightarrow b$. This morphism is then generalized in three different ways, and we find similar…
The class of Unambiguous Star-Free Regular Languages (UL) was defined by Schutzenberger as the class of languages defined by Unambiguous Polynomials. UL has been variously characterized (over finite words) by logics such as TL[X_a,Y_a],…
We show that there exists an uniformly recurrent infinite word whose set of factors is closed under reversal and which has only finitely many palindromic factors.
We establish a list of characterizations of bounded twin-width for hereditary, totally ordered binary structures. This has several consequences. First, it allows us to show that a (hereditary) class of matrices over a finite alphabet either…
We show that, for each finite algebra A, either it has symmetric term operations of all arities or else some finite algebra in the variety generated by A has two automorphisms without a common fixed point. We also show this two-automorphism…
We show that symbolic finite-to-one extensions of the type constructed by O. Sarig for surface diffeomorphisms induce H\"older-continuous conjugacies on large sets. We deduce this from their Bowen property. This notion, introduced in a…
Bilinear maps and their classifying tensor products are well-known in the theory of linear algebra, and their generalization to algebras of commutative monads is a classical result of monad theory. Motivated by constructions needed in…
Given a countable set X (usually taken to be the natural numbers or integers), an infinite permutation, \pi, of X is a linear ordering of X. This paper investigates the combinatorial complexity of infinite permutations on the natural…
We show that if the complexity difference function p(n+1)-p(n) of a infinite minimal shift is bounded, then the the automorphism group of the one-sided shift is finite, and the automorphism group of the corresponding two-sided shift "modulo…
Let p be a maximal palindrome in a Sturmian word s=ul_1pl_2v so that p is a palindrome and l_1pl_2 is not for letters l_1 and l_2. Let {\alpha}(p,p') be a morphism mapping letters a and b respectively to a^pb and a^p'b, |p-p'|=1. In this…
Morphic words are letter-to-letter images of fixed points $x$ of morphisms on finite alphabets. There are situations where these letter-to-letter maps do not occur naturally, but have to be replaced by a morphism. We call this a decoration…
Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over the finite field $\FF_q$, where $q$ is a power of a good prime for $G$. We write $F$ for the Frobenius morphism of $G$ corresponding to the $\FF_q$-structure, so that $G^F$ is a…
We explore a family of nested recurrence relations with arbitrary levels of nesting, which have an interpretation in terms of fixed points of morphisms over a countably infinite alphabet. Recurrences in this family are related to a number…
We analyse the pseudofinite monadic second order theory of words over a fixed finite alphabet. In particular we present an axiomatisation of this theory, working in a one-sorted first order framework. The analysis hinges on the fact that…
Given a countable group $G$ and two subshifts $X$ and $Y$ over $G$, a continuous, shift-commuting map $\phi : X \to Y$ is called a homomorphism. Our main result states that if every finitely generated subgroup of $G$ has polynomial growth,…
Let A be a finite set of integers. For a polynomial f(x_1,...,x_n) with integer coefficients, let f(A) = {f(a_1,...,a_n) : a_1,...,a_n \in A}. In this paper it is proved that for every pair of normalized binary linear forms f(x,y)=u_1x+v_1y…
GF(2)-grammars are a recently introduced grammar family with some unusual algebraic properties. They are closely connected to unambiguous grammars. By using the method of formal power series, we establish strong conditions that are…
A cylinder $C^1_u$ is the set of infinite words with fixed prefix $u$. A double-cylinder $C^2_{[1,u]}$ is "the same" for bi-infinite words. We show that for every word $u$ and any automorphism $\varphi$ of the free group $F$ the image…