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We investigate the transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) in the quasi-parton-distribution framework. The long standing hurdle of the so-called pinch pole singularity from the space-like gauge links in the TMD definitions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-06-12 Xiangdong Ji , Lu-Chang Jin , Feng Yuan , Jian-Hui Zhang , Yong Zhao

At small transverse momentum $q_T$, transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) arise as genuinely nonperturbative objects that describe Drell-Yan like processes in hadron collisions as well as semi-inclusive…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-02-21 Markus A. Ebert , Iain W. Stewart , Yong Zhao

In this short review paper, we discuss some of the recent advances in the field of parton fragmentation processes into hadrons as well as their possible modifications in QCD media. Hadron production data in e+e-, deep inelastic scattering…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-07-22 Francois Arleo

We apply the joint threshold and transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorem to introduce new threshold-TMD distribution functions, including threshold-TMD parton distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-06 Zhong-Bo Kang , Kajal Samanta , Ding Yu Shao , Yang-Li Zeng

The transverse momentum dependent parton distribution/fragmentation functions (TMDs) are essential in the factorization of a number of processes like Drell-Yan scattering, vector boson production, semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-06-05 Miguel G. Echevarria , Ignazio Scimemi , Alexey Vladimirov

In using transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton densities and fragmentation functions, important non-perturbative information is at large transverse position $b_T$. This concerns both the TMD functions and their evolution. Fits to high…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-07-21 John Collins , Ted C. Rogers

Extracting information on the three-dimensional structure of hadrons from transverse-momentum data is a challenging task, requiring the separation of perturbative contributions under QCD control from genuinely non-perturbative effects,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-09 Andrea Simonelli

A new formalism for the factorization of the cross section for single hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, differential in $z_h$, $P_T$ and thrust, is applied to the phenomenological analysis of data recently measured by the BELLE…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-11-09 M. Boglione , J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez , A. Simonelli

We present an extraction of the unpolarized transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions that takes into account possible differences between quark flavors and final-state hadrons. The extraction is based on…

Transverse parton momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDs) of the nucleon are studied in a covariant model, which describes the intrinsic motion of partons in terms of a covariant momentum distribution. The consistency of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-02 A. V. Efremov , P. Schweitzer , O. V. Teryaev , P. Zavada

We present a first lattice QCD calculation of the unpolarized nucleon's isovector transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs), which are essential to predict observables of multi-scale, semi-inclusive processes in…

We present the first lattice QCD calculations of the isovector helicity transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution function (TMDPDF) and the flavor-dependent unpolarized TMDPDFs for up and down quarks in the proton. Our computations…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-11-18 Dennis Bollweg , Xiang Gao , Swagato Mukherjee , Yong Zhao

We study transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) gluon distributions and factorization theorems for the gluon-initiated semi-inclusive processes at hadron colliders. Gauge-invariant TMD gluon distributions are defined, and their relations to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Xiangdong Ji , Jian-Ping Ma , Feng Yuan

To study the heavy quark production processes, we use the transverse momentum dependent (TMD, or unintegrated) gluon distribution function in a proton obtained recently using the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin prescription from the Bessel-inspired…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-10-04 A. V. Kotikov , A. V. Lipatov , P. Zhang

We show possible transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) for spin-1 hadrons including twist-3 and 4 functions in addition to the leading twist-2 ones by investigating all the possible decomposition of a quark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-05-12 S. Kumano , Qin-Tao Song

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs), TMDs for short, are defined as the Fourier transform of matrix elements of nonlocal combinations of quark and gluon fields. The nonlocality is bridged by gauge links,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-09-30 D. Boer , M. G. A. Buffing , P. J. Mulders

We compute the inclusive unpolarized dihadron production cross section in the far from back-to-back region of $e^+ e^-$ annihilation in leading order pQCD using existing fragmentation function fits and standard collinear factorization,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-11-20 E. Moffat , T. C. Rogers , N. Sato , A. Signori

We investigate the consistency between the collinear twist-3 factorization and the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization for the transversely polarized hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, $ep\to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-17 Riku Ikarashi , Yuji Koike , Shinsuke Yoshida

The Bayesian reweighting procedure is extended to the case of multiple independent extractions of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs). By exploiting the data on transverse single spin asymmetries, $A_N$, for inclusive…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-17 Mariaelena Boglione , Umberto D'Alesio , Carlo Flore , Josè Osvaldo Gonzalez-Hernandez , Francesco Murgia , Alexei Prokudin

We perform a comprehensive new Monte Carlo analysis of high-energy lepton-lepton, lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron scattering data to simultaneously determine parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton and parton to hadron…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-10-20 E. Moffat , W. Melnitchouk , T. C. Rogers , N. Sato