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Investment approaches in financial instruments have been varied and often produce unpredictable results. Many investors in the earlier days of investment banking suffered catastrophical losses due to poor strategy and lack of understanding…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2011-10-04 Murphy Choy

The emergence of robust optimization has been driven primarily by the necessity to address the demerits of the Markowitz model. There has been a noteworthy debate regarding consideration of robust approaches as superior or at par with the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-08-15 Shashank Oberoi , Mohammed Bilal Girach , Siddhartha P. Chakrabarty

Portfolio optimization methods have evolved significantly since Markowitz introduced the mean-variance framework in 1952. While the theoretical appeal of this approach is undeniable, its practical implementation poses important challenges,…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-28 Adil Rengim Cetingoz , Olivier Guéant

Finding an optimal balance between risk and returns in investment portfolios is a central challenge in quantitative finance, often addressed through Markowitz portfolio theory (MPT). While traditional portfolio optimization is carried out…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-04-18 Francesco Catalano , Laura Nasello , Daniel Guterding

In his famous paper, Markowitz (1952) derived the dependence of portfolio random returns on the random returns of its securities. This result allowed Markowitz to obtain his famous expression for portfolio variance. We show that Markowitz's…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-12 Victor Olkhov

We show that the Markowitz portfolio is a scalar multiple of another portfolio which replaces the covariance with the second moment matrix, via simple application of the Sherman-Morrison identity. Moreover it is shown that when using…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-27 Steven E. Pav

As the cornerstone of modern portfolio theory, Markowitz's mean-variance optimization is considered a major model adopted in portfolio management. However, due to the difficulty of estimating its parameters, it cannot be applied to all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Mengying Zhu , Xiaolin Zheng , Yan Wang , Yuyuan Li , Qianqiao Liang

In the paper, we consider three quadratic optimization problems which are frequently applied in portfolio theory, i.e, the Markowitz mean-variance problem as well as the problems based on the mean-variance utility function and the quadratic…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2013-05-13 Taras Bodnar , Nestor Parolya , Wolfgang Schmid

In finance industry portfolio construction deals with how to divide the investors' wealth across an asset-classes' menu in order to maximize the investors' gain. Main approaches in use at the present are based on variations of the classical…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2009-07-21 Giordano Pola , Gianni Pola

We consider the problem of portfolio selection within the classical Markowitz mean-variance framework, reformulated as a constrained least-squares regression problem. We propose to add to the objective function a penalty proportional to the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2013-01-01 Joshua Brodie , Ingrid Daubechies , Christine De Mol , Domenico Giannone , Ignace Loris

Markowitz mean-variance portfolios with sample mean and covariance as input parameters feature numerous issues in practice. They perform poorly out of sample due to estimation error, they experience extreme weights together with high…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-12-29 Wolfgang Karl Härdle , Yegor Klochkov , Alla Petukhina , Nikita Zhivotovskiy

This paper studies the multi-period mean-variance portfolio allocation problem with transaction costs. Many methods have been proposed these last years to challenge the famous uni-period Markowitz strategy.But these methods cannot integrate…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-21 Areski Cousin , Jérôme Lelong , Tom Picard

We introduce a solution scheme for portfolio optimization problems with cardinality constraints. Typical portfolio optimization problems are extensions of the classical Markowitz mean-variance portfolio optimization model. We solve such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-25 Lorenz M. Roebers , Aras Selvi , Juan C. Vera

We introduce a novel approach to portfolio optimization that leverages hierarchical graph structures and the Schur complement method to systematically reduce computational complexity while preserving full covariance information. Inspired by…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-03-18 Gamal Mograby

We construct a deep portfolio theory. By building on Markowitz's classic risk-return trade-off, we develop a self-contained four-step routine of encode, calibrate, validate and verify to formulate an automated and general portfolio…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-01-16 J. B. Heaton , N. G. Polson , J. H. Witte

This article comes up with an intraday trading strategy under T+1 using Markowitz optimization and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) with published stock data obtained from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange. The empirical…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-26 Q. Wang , Y. Zhou , J. Shen

We consider the investor who doesn't trade shares of his portfolio. The investor only observes the current trades made in the market with his securities to estimate the current return, variance, and risks of his unchanged portfolio. We show…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-30 Victor Olkhov

We introduce a pathwise approach to analyze the relative performance of an equity portfolio with respect to a benchmark market portfolio. In this energy-entropy framework, the relative performance is decomposed into three components: a…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-01-05 Soumik Pal , Ting-Kam Leonard Wong

We give an algebraic definition of a Markowitz market and classify markets up to isomorphism. Given this classification, the theory of portfolio optimization in Markowitz markets without short selling constraints becomes trivial.…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-09-11 John Armstrong

Selecting the optimal Markowitz porfolio depends on estimating the covariance matrix of the returns of $N$ assets from $T$ periods of historical data. Problematically, $N$ is typically of the same order as $T$, which makes the sample…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-29 Raj Agrawal , Uma Roy , Caroline Uhler