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Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine learning research, including natural language processing, computer vision, data mining, etc., yet they still exhibit critical limitations in explainability, reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xin Wang , Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Zeyang Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

In this paper, we introduce a sociolinguistic perspective on language modeling. We claim that large language models are inherently models of varieties of language, and we consider how this insight can inform the development and deployment…

Enterprise modeling deals with the increasing complexity of processes and systems by operationalizing model content and by linking complementary models and languages, thus amplifying the model-value beyond mere comprehensible pictures. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Victoria Döller

Research on the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in business models and services is limited. Previous studies have utilized econometric models, technical showcases, and literature reviews. However, this research is pioneering in its…

General Economics · Economics 2024-12-17 Jochen Wulf , Juerg Meierhofer

The well-known Unified Modeling Language (UML) describes software entities, such as interfaces, classes, operations and attributes, as well as relationships among them, e.g. inheritance, containment and dependency. The power of UML lies in…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Klemen Zagar , Mark Plesko , Matej Sekoranja , Gasper Tkacik , Anze Vodovnik

Multilingual Large Language Models are capable of using powerful Large Language Models to handle and respond to queries in multiple languages, which achieves remarkable success in multilingual natural language processing tasks. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Libo Qin , Qiguang Chen , Yuhang Zhou , Zhi Chen , Yinghui Li , Lizi Liao , Min Li , Wanxiang Che , Philip S. Yu

Recent pre-trained language models (PLMs) equipped with foundation reasoning skills have shown remarkable performance on downstream complex tasks. However, the significant structure reasoning skill has been rarely studied, which involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei , Jiarong Xu , Taishan Li , Zhihao Fan

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the latest research on multilingual large language models (MLLMs). MLLMs not only are able to understand and generate language across linguistic boundaries, but also represent an important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Shaolin Zhu , Supryadi , Shaoyang Xu , Haoran Sun , Leiyu Pan , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Renren Jin , António Branco , Deyi Xiong

In historical linguistics, the affiliation of languages to a common language family is traditionally carried out using a complex workflow that relies on manually comparing individual languages. Large-scale standardized collections of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Frederic Blum , Steffen Herbold , Johann-Mattis List

If a modeling task is distributed, it will frequently be necessary to integrate models developed by different team members. Problems occur in the models integration step and particularly, in the comparison phase of the integration. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-06-01 Samia Benabdellah Chaouni , Mounia Fredj , Salma Mouline

This note clarifies the concept of syntax and semantics and their relationships. Today, a lot of confusion arises from the fact that the word "semantics" is used in different meanings. We discuss a general approach at defining semantics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-25 Bernhard Rumpe

This paper argues that large language models have a valuable scientific role to play in serving as scientific models of public languages. Linguistic study should not only be concerned with the cognitive processes behind linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Jumbly Grindrod

This is a book about large language models. As indicated by the title, it primarily focuses on foundational concepts rather than comprehensive coverage of all cutting-edge technologies. The book is structured into five main chapters, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

We investigate the extent to which modern, neural language models are susceptible to structural priming, the phenomenon whereby the structure of a sentence makes the same structure more probable in a follow-up sentence. We explore how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Arabella Sinclair , Jaap Jumelet , Willem Zuidema , Raquel Fernández

A Language Model is a term that encompasses various types of models designed to understand and generate human communication. Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention due to their ability to process text with human-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Sylvio Barbon Junior , Paolo Ceravolo , Sven Groppe , Mustafa Jarrar , Samira Maghool , Florence Sèdes , Soror Sahri , Maurice Van Keulen

The development of Machine Learning (ML) based systems is complex and requires multidisciplinary teams with diverse skill sets. This may lead to communication issues or misapplication of best practices. Process models can alleviate these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Sergio Morales , Robert Clarisó , Jordi Cabot

A systematic way of defining variants of a modeling language is useful for adopting the language to domain or project specific needs. Variants can be obtained by adopting the syntax or semantics of the language. In this paper, we take a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-24 Hans Grönninger , Bernhard Rumpe

Unified modelling language (UML) 2.0 introduced in 2002 has been developing and influencing object-oriented software engineering and has become a standard and reference for information system analysis and design modelling. There are many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2010-06-10 Spits Warnars

The notion of class is ubiquitous in computer science and is central in many formalisms for the representation of structured knowledge used both in knowledge representation and in databases. In this paper we study the basic issues…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-05-30 D. Calvanese , M. Lenzerini , D. Nardi

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capability in structured prediction tasks such as semantic parsing, few amounts of research have explored the underlying mechanisms of their success. Our work studies different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Daking Rai , Yilun Zhou , Bailin Wang , Ziyu Yao