Related papers: An example of a quantum statistical model which ca…
The determination of a quantum observable from the first and second moments of its measurement outcome statistics is investigated. Operational conditions for the moments of a probability measure are given which suffice to determine the…
The description of the dynamics of a system that may be correlated with its environment is only meaningful within the context of a specific framework. Different frameworks rely upon different assumptions about the initial system-environment…
Quantum random sampling is the leading proposal for demonstrating a computational advantage of quantum computers over classical computers. Recently, first large-scale implementations of quantum random sampling have arguably surpassed the…
The application of principles of Quantum Mechanics in areas outside of physics has been getting increasing attention in the scientific community in an emergent discipline called Quantum Cognition. These principles have been applied to…
It is argued that the nature of probability is essentially informational rather than physical and that quantum mechanical predictions should be viewed as logical inferences made on the basis of the information content of a given…
Benchmarking models via classical simulations is one of the main ways to judge ideas in quantum machine learning before noise-free hardware is available. However, the huge impact of the experimental design on the results, the small scales…
Quantum non-demolition measurements facilitate various quantum technologies, including quantum communication. Notably, their operational structure can be replicated by a classical model--referred to as a noncontextual model--making it…
Consider two random variables contaminated by two unknown transformations. The aim of this paper is to test the equality of those transformations. Two cases are distinguished: first, the two random variables have known distributions.…
In the Bayesian approach to probability theory, probability quantifies a degree of belief for a single trial, without any a priori connection to limiting frequencies. In this paper we show that, despite being prescribed by a fundamental…
We identify a fundamental difference between classical and quantum dynamics in the linear response regime by showing that the latter is in general contextual. This allows us to provide an example of a quantum engine whose favorable power…
We show that quantum oracles provide an advantage over classical oracles for answering classical counterfactual questions in causal models, or equivalently, for identifying unknown causal parameters such as distributions over functional…
The introduction of quantum concepts is increasingly making its way into generative machine learning models. However, while there are various implementations of quantum Generative Adversarial Networks, the integration of quantum elements…
The representation of measurements by positive operator valued measures and the description of the most general state transformations by means of completely positive maps are two basic concepts of quantum information theory. These concepts…
We describe a quantum scheme to ``color-code'' a set of objects in order to record which one is which. In the classical case, N distinct colors are required to color-code N objects. We show that in the quantum case, only N/e distinct…
Statistical classical mechanics and quantum mechanics are developed and well-known theories that represent a basis for modern physics. The two described theories are well known and have been well studied. As these theories contain numerous…
Quantum walks are widely and successfully used to model diverse physical processes. This leads to computation of the models, to explore their properties. Quantum walks have also been shown to be universal for quantum computing. This is a…
We argue for a foundational epistemic claim and a hypothesis about the production and uses of mathematical epidemiological models, exploring the consequences for our political and socio-economic lives. First, in order to make the best use…
In a recent paper Kent has pointed out that in consistent histories quantum theory it is possible, given initial and final states, to construct two different consistent families of histories, in each of which there is a proposition that can…
Quantum information and computation provide a fascinating twist on the notion of proofs in computational complexity theory. For instance, one may consider a quantum computational analogue of the complexity class \class{NP}, known as QMA, in…
In any given experimental scenario, the rules of quantum theory provide statistical distributions that the observed outcomes are expected to follow. The set formed by all these distributions contains the imprint of quantum theory, capturing…