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Travel-time tomography seeks to recover a hidden environment from external measurements generated by propagation through an anomalous region. Standard formulations treat propagation as passive, so the environment influences observations…
It is possible to learn a great deal about exoplanet atmospheres even when we cannot spatially resolve the planets from their host stars. In this chapter, we overview the basic techniques used to characterize transiting exoplanets -…
Trajectory analysis is essential in many applications. In this paper, we address the problem of representing motion trajectories in a highly informative way, and consequently utilize it for analyzing trajectories. Our approach first…
A fundamental class of inferential problems are those characterised by there having been a substantial degree of pre-data (or prior) belief that the value of a model parameter was equal or lay close to a specified value, which may, for…
We consider the inverse problem of determining different type of information about a diffusion process, described by ordinary or fractional diffusion equations stated on a bounded domain, like the density of the medium or the velocity field…
This research aims to know traffic anomalies as early as possible. A traffic anomaly refers to a generic incident on the road that influences traffic flow and calls for urgent traffic management measures. `Knowing'' the occurrence of a…
The optimal fingerprint method serves as a potent approach for detecting and attributing climate change. However, its experimental validation encounters challenges due to the intricate nature of climate systems. Here, we experimentally…
We study image inverse problems with a normalizing flow prior. Our formulation views the solution as the maximum a posteriori estimate of the image conditioned on the measurements. This formulation allows us to use noise models with…
Atmospheric trace-gas inversion is the procedure by which the sources and sinks of a trace gas are identified from observations of its mole fraction at isolated locations in space and time. This is inherently a spatio-temporal bivariate…
Pedestrian detection is an initial step to perform outdoor scene analysis, which plays an essential role in many real-world applications. Although having enjoyed the merits of deep learning frameworks from the generic object detectors,…
Based on diffraction theory and the propagation of the light, Fourier optics is a powerful tool allowing the estimation of a visible-range imaging system to transfer the spatial frequency components of an object. The analyses of the imaging…
The problem of detecting new signals in the presence of an unknown background is ubiquitous in scientific discoveries and is especially prominent in the physical sciences. Most solutions proposed thus far to address the problem focus on…
The article deals with a classical inverse problem: the computation of the refractive index of a medium from ultrasound time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. This problem is very popular in seismics but also for tomographic problems in…
Ambient air pollution is a pervasive issue with wide-ranging effects on human health, ecosystem vitality, and economic structures. Utilizing data on ambient air pollution concentrations, researchers can perform comprehensive analyses to…
While sensitivity analysis improves the transparency and reliability of mathematical models, its uptake by modelers is still scarce. This is partially explained by its technical requirements, which may be hard to understand and implement by…
This paper is the first to review the scene flow estimation field, which analyzes and compares methods, technical challenges, evaluation methodologies and performance of scene flow estimation. Existing algorithms are categorized in terms of…
A major challenge in the safety assessment of automated vehicles is to ensure that risk for all traffic participants is as low as possible. A concept that is becoming increasingly popular for testing in automated driving is scenario-based…
Change detection is an important problem in vision field, especially for aerial images. However, most works focus on traditional change detection, i.e., where changes happen, without considering the change type information, i.e., what…
Astroparticle physics and cosmology allow us to scan the universe through multiple messengers. It is the combination of these probes that improves our understanding of the universe, both in its composition and its dynamics. Unlike other…
There is a wealth of data on air pollution within several users' reach, including modelled concentrations and depositions as well as observations from air quality stations. However, data integration to perceive spatial and temporal trends…