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An eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a graph is said to be \emph{main} if the all-1 vector is not orthogonal to the associated eigenspace. In this work, we approach the main eigenvalues of some graphs. The graphs with exactly two main…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Nair Abreu , Domingos M. Cardoso , Francisca A. M. França , Cybele T. M. Vinagre

A graph is said to be $H$-free if it does not contain a subgraph isomorphic to $H$. The fish graph, denoted by $H(4, 3)$, is a $6-$vertex graph obtained from a cycle of length $4$ and a triangle by sharing a common vertex. Earlier it is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Abdul Basit Wani , S. Pirzada , Amir Rehman

McKay proved that the limiting spectral measures of the ensembles of $d$-regular graphs with $N$ vertices converge to Kesten's measure as $N\to\infty$. In this paper we explore the case of weighted graphs. More precisely, given a large…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-01 Leo Goldmakher , Cap Khoury , Steven J. Miller , Kesinee Ninsuwan

Let $\Gamma$ denote a bipartite graph with vertex set $X$, color partitions $Y$, $Y'$, and assume that every vertex in $Y$ has eccentricity $D\ge 3$. For $z\in X$ and a non-negative integer $i$, let $\Gamma_{i}(z)$ denote the set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-17 Blas Fernandez , Safet Penjic

In [Distrance-regular Cayley graphs on dihedral groups, J. Combin. Theory Ser B 97 (2007) 14--33], Miklavi\v{c} and Poto\v{c}nik proposed the problem of characterizing distance-regular Cayley graphs, which can be viewed as an extension of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Xiongfeng Zhan , Lu Lu , Xueyi Huang

A hypergraph generalizes the concept of an ordinary graph. In an ordinary graph, edges connect pairs of vertices, whereas in a hypergraph, hyperedges can connect multiple vertices at a time. In this paper, we obtain a relationship between…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-19 Liya Jess Kurian , Chithra A

Let G be a finite graph with the non-k-order property (essentially, a uniform finite bound on the size of an induced sub-half-graph). A major result of the paper applies model-theoretic arguments to obtain a stronger version of…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-08-20 M. Malliaris , S. Shelah

An $(a,b)$-biregular bipartite graph is a bipartite graph with bipartition $(X, Y)$ such that each vertex in $X$ has degree $a$ and each vertex in $Y$ has degree $b$. By the bipartite expander mixing lemma, biregular bipartite graphs have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-11 Dandan Fan , Xiaofeng Gu , Huiqiu Lin

The notion of resistance distance, introduced by Klein and Randi\'c, has become a fundamental concept in spectral graph theory and network analysis, as it captures both the structural and electrical properties of a graph. The associated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Xiang-Yang Liu , Xiang-Feng Pan , Yong-Yi Jin , Li-Cheng Li

An orientation $D$ of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a digraph obtained from $G$ by replacing each edge by exactly one of the two possible arcs with the same end vertices. For each $v \in V(G)$, the indegree of $v$ in $D$, denoted by $d^-_D(v)$, is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Julio Araujo , Alexandre Cezar , Carlos V. G. C. Lima , Vinicius F. dos Santos , Ana Silva

A connected graph $\G$ is called {\em nicely distance--balanced}, whenever there exists a positive integer $\gamma=\gamma(\G)$, such that for any two adjacent vertices $u,v$ of $\G$ there are exactly $\gamma$ vertices of $\G$ which are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Blas Fernandez , Štefko Miklavič , Safet Penjić

The parameter $\sigma(G)$ of a graph $G$ stands for the number of Laplacian eigenvalues greater than or equal to the average degree of $G$. In this work, we address the problem of characterizing those graphs $G$ having $\sigma(G)=1$. Our…

Chung, Graham, and Wilson proved that a graph is quasirandom if and only if there is a large gap between its first and second largest eigenvalue. Recently, the authors extended this characterization to k-uniform hypergraphs, but only for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-25 John Lenz , Dhruv Mubayi

A {\em faithful (unit) distance graph} in $\mathbb{R}^d$ is a graph whose set of vertices is a finite subset of the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space, where two vertices are adjacent if and only if the Euclidean distance between them is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-01 Noga Alon , Andrey Kupavskii

We establish bounds on the spectral radii for a large class of sparse random matrices, which includes the adjacency matrices of inhomogeneous Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graphs. Our error bounds are sharp for a large class of sparse random matrices.…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-25 Florent Benaych-Georges , Charles Bordenave , Antti Knowles

This paper investigates the asymptotic nature of graph spectra when some edges of a graph are subdivided sufficiently many times. In the special case where all edges of a graph are subdivided, we find the exact limits of the $k$-th largest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Hitesh Kumar , Bojan Mohar , Shivaramakrishna Pragada , Hanmeng Zhan

The work in this thesis concerns the investigation of eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix, normalized Laplacian matrix, signless Laplacian matrix and distance signless Laplacian matrix of graphs. In Chapter 1, we present a brief…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Bilal A. Rather

The $\gamma$-graph of a graph $G$ is the graph whose vertices are labelled by the minimum dominating sets of $G$, in which two vertices are adjacent when their corresponding minimum dominating sets (each of size $\gamma(G)$) intersect in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-06 Matt DeVos , Adam Dyck , Jonathan Jedwab , Samuel Simon

We look at the question of which distance-regular graphs are core-complete, meaning they are isomorphic to their own core or have a complete core. We build on Roberson's homomorphism matrix approach by which method he proved the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-04 Annemarie Geertsema , Chris Godsil , Krystal Guo

A graph $G$ is said to be \emph{determined by its spectrum} if any graph having the same spectrum as $G$ is isomorphic to $G$. Let $K_n \setminus P_{\ell}$ be the graph obtained from $K_n$ by removing edges of $P_\ell$, where $P_\ell$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-24 Lihuan Mao , Sebastian M. Cioabă , Wei Wang