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Second-order self-force computations, which will be essential in modeling extreme-mass-ratio inspirals, involve two major new difficulties that were not present at first order. One is the problem of large scales, discussed in [Phys. Rev. D…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-15 Jeremy Miller , Barry Wardell , Adam Pound

We present a systematic study of the 2nd order scalar, vector and tensor metric perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter Universe in synchronous coordinates. For the scalar-scalar coupling between 1st order perturbations, we decompose the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-05 Bo Wang , Yang Zhang

In this paper we find the first and second order perturbations of the induced metric and the extrinsic curvature of a non-degenerate hypersurface $\Sigma$ in a spacetime $(M,g)$, when the metric $g$ is perturbed arbitrarily to second order…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Marc Mars

We present a second-order gauge-invariant formalism to study the evolution of curvature perturbations in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe filled by multiple interacting fluids. We apply such a general formalism to describe the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 N. Bartolo , S. Matarrese , A. Riotto

We present a method for the study of second-order superhorizon perturbations in multi field inflationary models with non trivial kinetic terms. We utilise a change of coordinates in field space to separate isocurvature and adiabatic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Gerasimos Rigopoulos

We study primordial perturbations generated from quantum fluctuations of an inflaton based on the formalism of stochastic gravity. Integrating out the degree of freedom of the inflaton field, we analyze the time evolution of the correlation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Yuko Urakawa , Kei-ichi Maeda

We show how gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations may be constructed by an unambiguous choice of hypersurface-orthogonal time-like vector field (i.e., time-slicing). This may be defined either in terms of the metric quantities such as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Karim A. Malik , David Wands

We consider the evolution of relativistic perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter cosmological model, including second-order effects. The perturbations are considered in two different settings: the widely used synchronous gauge and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 S. Matarrese , S. Mollerach , M. Bruni

We show how the primordial bispectrum of density perturbations from inflation may be characterised in terms of manifestly gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations at second order. The primordial metric perturbation, zeta, describing the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Laura E. Allen , Sujata Gupta , David Wands

Quantum fluctuations of a nonminimally coupled scalar field in D-dimensional homogeneous and isotropic background are calculated within the operator formalism in curved models with time evolutions of the scale factor that allow smooth…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-18 Tomi Koivisto , Tomislav Prokopec

A tensor-type cosmological perturbation, defined as a transverse and traceless spatial fluctuation, is often interpreted as the gravitational waves. While decoupled from the scalar-type perturbations in linear order, the tensor…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-28 Jai-chan Hwang , Donghui Jeong , Hyerim Noh

We give a concise, self-contained introduction to perturbation theory in cosmology at linear and second order, striking a balance between mathematical rigour and usability. In particular we discuss gauge issues and the active and passive…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Karim A. Malik , David R. Matravers

We study the perturbations up to the 2nd-order for a power-law inflation driven by a scalar field in synchronous coordinates. We present the 1st-order solutions, and analytically solve the 2nd-order perturbed Einstein equation and scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-14 Bo Wang , Yang Zhang

We revisit an extension of the well-known formalism for gauge-invariant scalar metric fluctuations, to study the spectrums for both, the inflaton and gauge invariant (scalar) metric fluctuations in the framework of a single field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 Mariano Anabitarte , Mauricio Bellini

We study the gauge invariant cosmological perturbations up to second order. We show that there are infinite families of gauge invariant variables at both of the first and second orders. The conversion formulae among different families are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Zhe Chang , Sai Wang , Qing-Hua Zhu

Black hole perturbation theory beyond second order is not well understood because typically one defines the meaning of gauge invariance order by order which is ambiguous. In this series of works we therefore developed a new approach which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-10 Jonas Neuser , Thomas Thiemann

We present the first steps needed for an analysis of the perturbations that occur in the cosmology associated with the conformal gravity theory. We discuss the implications of conformal invariance for perturbative coordinate gauge choices,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Philip D. Mannheim

In this paper we consider second order perturbations of a flat Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre universe whose stress-energy content is a single minimally coupled scalar field with an arbitrary potential. We derive the general solution of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-19 Claes Uggla , John Wainwright

This article is the second of a trilogy that addresses the perturbative response of general quantum systems, with possibly nontrivial ground state geometry, beyond linear order. Here, we establish concise, general formulae for second order…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Varga Bonbien , Aurelien Manchon

The effect of density fluctuations upon light propagation is calculated perturbatively in a matter dominated irrotational universe. The starting point is the perturbed metric (second order in the perturbation strength), while the output is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-02-25 Gyula Bene