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A $p$-beauty contest is a wide class of games of guessing the most popular strategy among other players. In particular, guessing a fraction of a mean of numbers chosen by all players is a classic behavioral experiment designed to test…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-23 Iuliia Alekseenko , Dmitry Dagaev , Sofia Paklina , Petr Parshakov

In Keynesian Beauty Contests notably modeled by p-guessing games, players try to guess the average of guesses multiplied by p. Convergence of plays to Nash equilibrium has often been justified by agents' learning. However, interrogations…

General Economics · Economics 2021-03-29 Aymeric Vie

An population-centric analysis for a version of the p-beauty contest game is given for the two-player, finite population, and infinite population cases. Winning strategies are characterized in terms of iterative thinking relative to the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-16 Marc Harper

The complexity of game play in online multiplayer games has generated strong interest in modeling the different play styles or strategies used by players for success. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian regression approach for the online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Aline Normoyle , Shane T. Jensen

The Keynesian Beauty Contest is a classical game in which strategic agents seek to both accurately guess the true state of the world as well as the average action of all agents. We study an augmentation of this game where agents are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Hadi Elzayn , Zachary Schutzman

Competitive online games use rating systems to match players with similar skills to ensure a satisfying experience for players. In this paper, we focus on the importance of addressing different aspects of playing behavior when modeling…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Arman Dehpanah , Muheeb Faizan Ghori , Jonathan Gemmell , Bamshad Mobasher

A Bayesian game is a game of incomplete information in which the rules of the game are not fully known to all players. We consider the Bayesian game of Battle of Sexes that has several Bayesian Nash equilibria and investigate its outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-19 Azhar Iqbal , James M. Chappell , Qiang Li , Charles E. M. Pearce , Derek Abbott

Two-player zero-sum repeated games are well understood. Computing the value of such a game is straightforward. Additionally, if the payoffs are dependent on a random state of the game known to one, both, or neither of the players, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-05 Paul Cuff

Competitor rating systems for head-to-head games are typically used to measure playing strength from game outcomes. Ratings computed from these systems are often used to select top competitors for elite events, for pairing players of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-14 Mark E. Glickman

In this article, we look at a hat-guessing game, in which each player must guess the color of their own hat while only seeing the hats of the other players. We focus on the case of two hat colors and a countably infinite number of players.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Nathaniel Eldredge

This work contains the mathematical exploration of a few prototypical games in which central concepts from statistics and probability theory naturally emerge. The first two kinds of games are termed Fisher and Bayesian games, which are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Jozsef Konczer

The presence or absence of winner-loser effects is a widely discussed phenomenon across both sports and psychology research. Investigation of such effects is often hampered by the limited availability of data. Online chess has exploded in…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-12 Adam Gee , Sydney O. Seese , James P. Curley , Owen G. Ward

In the last decade, stochastic models have shown to be very useful for quantitative modelling of social processes. Here, a configurational master equation for the description of behavioral changes by pair interactions of individuals is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Dirk Helbing

Every interaction of a living organism with its environment involves the placement of a bet. Armed with partial knowledge about a stochastic world, the organism must decide its next step or near-term strategy, an act that implicitly or…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-30 Philipp Fleig , Vijay Balasubramanian

Deception is a technique to mislead human or computer systems by manipulating beliefs and information. For the applications of cyber deception, non-cooperative games become a natural choice of models to capture the adversarial interactions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Tao Zhang , Linan Huang , Jeffrey Pawlick , Quanyan Zhu

Poker is a challenging problem for artificial intelligence, with non-deterministic dynamics, partial observability, and the added difficulty of unknown adversaries. Modelling all of the uncertainties in this domain is not an easy task. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Finnegan Southey , Michael P. Bowling , Bryce Larson , Carmelo Piccione , Neil Burch , Darse Billings , Chris Rayner

We study multistep Bayesian betting strategies in coin-tossing games in the framework of game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001). We show that by a countable mixture of these strategies, a gambler or an investor can exploit…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2010-08-23 Kei Takeuchi , Masayuki Kumon , Akimichi Takemura

We develop a new method for stochastic optimization using the Bayesian statistics approach. More precisely, we optimize parameters of chess engines as those data are available to us, but the method should apply to all situations where we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-06 Ivan Ivec , Ivana Vojnović

In domains where agents interact strategically, game theory is applied widely to predict how agents would behave. However, game-theoretic predictions are based on the assumption that agents are fully rational and believe in equilibrium…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Yuhong Xu , Shih-Fen Cheng , Xinyu Chen

Game AI systems need the theory of mind, which is the humanistic ability to infer others' mental models, preferences, and intent. Such systems would enable inferring players' behavior tendencies that contribute to the variations in their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Murtuza N. Shergadwala , Zhaoqing Teng , Magy Seif El-Nasr
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