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Let $G$ be a graph with $p(G)$ pendant vertices and $q(G)$ quasi-pendant vertices. Denote by $m_{L(G)}(\lambda)$ the multiplicity of $\lambda$ as a Laplacian eigenvalue of $G$. Let $\overline{G}$ be the reduced graph of $G$, which can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-09 Fenglei Tian , Dein Wong

Eigenvalues of a graph are the eigenvalues of the corresponding (0,1)-adjacency matrix. The second largest eigenvalue lambda_2 provides significant information on characteristics and structure of graphs. Therefore, finding bounds for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-02 Bojana Mihailovic , Marija Rasajski

The second eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix and its associated eigenvector are fundamental features of an undirected graph, and as such they have found widespread use in scientific computing, machine learning, and data analysis. In many…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-10-24 Michael W. Mahoney , Lorenzo Orecchia , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

Let $G$ be a simple graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges and let $k$ be a natural number such that $k\leq n.$ Brouwer conjectured that the sum of the $k$ largest Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$ is at most $m+{k+1 \choose 2}.$ In this paper we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-18 Slobodan Filipovski

We bound the second eigenvalue of random $d$-regular graphs, for a wide range of degrees $d$, using a novel approach based on Fourier analysis. Let $G_{n, d}$ be a uniform random $d$-regular graph on $n$ vertices, and let $\lambda (G_{n,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Amir Sarid

Under the lack of variational structure and nondegeneracy, we investigate three notions of \textit{generalized principal eigenvalue} for a general infinity Laplacian operator with gradient and homogeneous term. A Harnack inequality and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-02-07 Anup Biswas , Hoang-Hung Vo

In this paper, we derive an upper bound for higher order eigenvalues of the normalized Laplace operator associated with a symmetric finite graph in terms of lower order eigenvalues.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Shinichiro Kobayashi

We give inequalities relating the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian of a graph, and its minimum and maximum degrees. The results are applied to derive new conditions for quasi-randomness of graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vladimir Nikiforov

It is known that the small eigenvalues of the Laplacian of a Riemann surface close to the boundary of the modular space can be well approximated by the eigenvalues of the discrete Laplacian on a certain graph coming from the pair of pants…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Alena Erchenko , Dmitry Jakobson , Allison Tsypin

Learning a suitable graph is an important precursor to many graph signal processing (GSP) pipelines, such as graph spectral signal compression and denoising. Previous graph learning algorithms either i) make some assumptions on connectivity…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-19 Saghar Bagheri , Gene Cheung , Antonio Ortega , Fen Wang

Consider the normalized adjacency matrices of random $d$-regular graphs on $N$ vertices with fixed degree $d\geq3$. We prove that, with probability $1-N^{-1+{\varepsilon}}$ for any ${\varepsilon} >0$, the following two properties hold as $N…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau

Spectral graph convolutional networks are generalizations of standard convolutional networks for graph-structured data using the Laplacian operator. A common misconception is the instability of spectral filters, i.e. the impossibility to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Axel Nilsson , Xavier Bresson

The spectrum of a graph is closely related to many graph parameters. In particular, the spectral gap of a regular graph which is the difference between its valency and second eigenvalue, is widely seen an algebraic measure of connectivity…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-06 Sebastian M. Cioabă , Jack H. Koolen , Masato Mimura , Hiroshi Nozaki , Takayuki Okuda

Around 2008, Schramm conjectured that the critical probabilities for Bernoulli bond percolation satisfy the following continuity property: If $(G_n)_{n\geq 1}$ is a sequence of transitive graphs converging locally to a transitive graph $G$…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-29 Tom Hutchcroft

A method for estimating the spectral gap along with higher eigenvalues of nonequilateral quantum graphs has been introduced by Amini and Cohen-Steiner recently: it is based on a new transference principle between discrete and continuous…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-11 Delio Mugnolo , Marvin Plümer

In this paper, we derive Li-Yau inequality for unbounded Laplacian on complete weighted graphs with the assumption of the curvature-dimension inequality $CDE'(n,K)$, which can be regarded as a notion of curvature on graphs. Furthermore, we…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-01-25 Chao Gong , Yong Lin , Shuang Liu , Shing-Tung Yau

We consider an inhomogeneous Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $G_N$ with vertex set $[N] = \{1,\dots,N\}$ for which the pair of vertices $i,j \in [N]$, $i\neq j$, is connected by an edge with probability $r(\tfrac{i}{N},\tfrac{j}{N})$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-20 Arijit Chakrabarty , Rajat Subhra Hazra , Frank den Hollander , Matteo Sfragara

In this paper we improve the spectral convergence rates for graph-based approximations of Laplace-Beltrami operators constructed from random data. We utilize regularity of the continuum eigenfunctions and strong pointwise consistency…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Jeff Calder , Nicolas Garcia Trillos

Given i.i.d.\ samples $X_n =\{ x_1, \dots, x_n \}$ from a distribution supported on a low dimensional manifold ${M}$ embedded in Eucliden space, we consider the graph Laplacian operator $\Delta_n$ associated to an $\varepsilon$-proximity…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-28 Chenghui Li , Nicolás García Trillos , Housen Li , Leo Suchan

We study the fluctuations of smooth linear statistics of Laplace eigenvalues of compact hyperbolic surfaces lying in short energy windows, when averaged over the moduli space of surfaces of a given genus. The average is taken with respect…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-03 Zeév Rudnick , Igor Wigman
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