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We show that a class of topological field theories are quantum duals of the harmonic oscillator. This is demonstrated by establishing a correspondence between the creation and annihilation operators and non-local gauge invariant observables…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Viqar Husain

The nature of time vis-a-vis relativity is critically examined. Based on the author's space-time interaction hypothesis of late 1970's, cosmological model with time-varying velocity of light is discussed.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. C. Tiwari

The dimensional structure of space-time is investigated according to physical and mathematical methods. We show that ther are various empirical and theoretical restrictions on the number of independent dimensions of space-time, consequently…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Ghaboussi

Living systems are fundamentally irreversible, breaking detailed balance and establishing an arrow of time. But how does the evident arrow of time for a whole system arise from the interactions among its multiple elements? We show that the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-09-21 Christopher W. Lynn , Caroline M. Holmes , William Bialek , David J. Schwab

We recapitulate the scheme of emergent gravity to highlight how a background independent quantum gravity can be defined by quantizing spacetime itself.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-02-14 Hyun Seok Yang

This paper relates both to the metaphysics of probability and to the physics of time asymmetry. Using the formalism of decoherent histories, it investigates whether intuitions about intrinsic time directedness that are often associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guido Bacciagaluppi

The complexity class DP is the class of all languages that are the intersection of a language in NP and a language in coNP. It was conjectured that recognizing a facet for the knapsack polytope is DP-complete. We provide a positive answer…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Rui Chen , Haoran Zhu

I show that the clock ambiguity cannot be solved by a purely relational condition like the noninteraction condition, and it is even stronger, extending to evolution laws. The ambiguity is solved by specifying the physical meaning of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

Physical systems are usually assumed to evolve relative to an external time parameter, which is problematic because in quantum theory that parameter is not a physical observable. Page & Wootters (1984) solved this by proposing that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Sam Kuypers , Simone Rijavec

We present the arguments suggesting that time is emergent in quantum gravity and discuss extensively, but without any technical detail, the many aspects that can be involved in such emergence. We refer to both the physical issues that need…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Daniele Oriti

It is brought forward that viable theories of the physical world that have no variable at all that can play the role of time, do not exist; some notion of time is one of the very first ingredients a candidate theory should possess. Almost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-05 Gerard t Hooft

Animals exploit time to survive in the world. Temporal information is required for higher-level cognitive abilities such as planning, decision making, communication, and effective cooperation. Since time is an inseparable part of cognition,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Hamit Basgol , Inci Ayhan , Emre Ugur

Let $R$ denote a 2-fir. The notions of F-independence and algebraic subsets of R are defined. The decomposition of an algebraic subset into similarity classes gives a simple way of translating the F-independence in terms of dimension of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. Leroy , A. Ozturk

Not only in physical string theories, but also in some highly simplified situations, background independence has been difficult to understand. It is argued that the ``holomorphic anomaly'' of Bershadsky, Cecotti, Ooguri, and Vafa gives a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Edward Witten

The analyzability of the universe into subsystems requires a concept of the "independence" of the subsystems, of which the relativistic quantum world supports many distinct notions which either coincide or are trivial in the classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-16 Stephen J. Summers

Face morphing is a problem in computer graphics with numerous artistic and forensic applications. It is challenging due to variations in pose, lighting, gender, and ethnicity. This task consists of a warping for feature alignment and a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Guilherme Schardong , Tiago Novello , Hallison Paz , Iurii Medvedev , Vinícius da Silva , Luiz Velho , Nuno Gonçalves

As a basis for epistemological study of ``time,'' we analyze three suspect phenomena introduced by modern physics: non-locality, asymmetric aging and advanced interaction. It is shown that all three arise in connection with what has to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. F. Kracklauer

This paper presents correct algorithms for answering the following two questions; (i) Does there exist a causal explanation consistent with a set of background knowledge which explains all of the observed independence facts in a sample?…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Christopher Meek

One of the consequences of persistent technological change is that it force individuals to make decisions under extreme uncertainty. This means that traditional decision-making frameworks cannot be applied. To address this issue we…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-04-30 Federico E. Contiggiani , Fernando Delbianco , Fernando Tohmé

The projection of the four-dimensional two-body Bethe-Salpeter equation at the light-front hypersurface is discussed. Elimination of the relative time is performed using a quasi-potential expansion, which is shown to be equivalent to an…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 T. Frederico , J. H. O. Sales , B. V. Carlson , P. U. Sauer