Related papers: Problem of Time and Background Independence: the I…

This paper concerns what Background Independence itself is (as opposed to some particular physical theory that is background independent). The notions presented mostly arose from a layer-by-layer analysis of the facets of the Problem of…

In this final piecemeal treatment of local Problem of Time facets, and underlying Background Independence aspects, we first reconsider the ten local facets and aspects considered so far at the quantum level. This is essential both to…

Relationalism -- along the lines developed by Barbour and collaborators in the past 3 decades -- can be considered an advance with 1/4 of the facets of the canonical approach's Problem of Time as identified by Isham and Kuchar. Indeed,…

Background Independence is the modern form of the relational side of the Absolute versus Relational Debate. Difficulties with its implementation form the Problem of Time. Its 9 facets - Isham and Kucha\v{r}'s conceptual classification -…

We introduce nine further local facets of the classical Problem of Time, and underlying Background Independence aspects, the previous two Articles having covered one further facet-and-aspect each for a total of eleven. I.e. 1) Constraint…

This Series of Articles provides a local resolution of this major longstanding foundational problem between QM and GR, or, more generally, between Background Dependent and Background Independent Physics. We focus on the classical version;…

This article contains a local solution to the notorious Problem of Time in Quantum Gravity at the conceptual level and which is actually realizable for the relational triangle. The Problem of Time is that `time' in GR and `time' in ordinary…

The Problem of Time is that `time' in each of ordinary quantum theory and general relativity are mutually incompatible notions. This causes difficulties in trying to put these two theories together to form a theory of Quantum Gravity. The…

In a major advance and simplification of this field, we show that A Local Resolution of the Problem of Time - also viewable as A Local Theory of Background Independence - can at the classical level be described solely by of Lie's…

We here announce and outline a solution of this major and longstanding foundational problem, dealing with all seven of its heavily-interrelated local facets.

The Problem of Time occurs because the `time' of GR and of ordinary Quantum Theory are mutually incompatible notions. This is problematic in trying to replace these two branches of physics with a single framework in situations in which the…

In this article, we consider a second Problem of Time Facet. This started life as Wheeler's Thin Sandwich Problem, within the narrow context of 1) GR-as-Geometrodynamics, in particular its momentum constraint. 2) A Lagrangian variables…

Confusion and disagreement around the notion of time is due to the fact that we often fail to recognize that we call 'time' a variety of distinct notions, only partially related to one another. Many apparently obvious properties of time are…

The paper presents a metaphysical characterization of spatiotemporal backgrounds from a realist perspective. The conceptual analysis is based on a heuristic sketch that encompasses the common formal traits of the major spacetime theories,…

Temporal Relationalism (TR) is that there is no time for the universe as a whole at the primary level. Time emerges rather at a secondary level; one compelling idea for this is Mach's `time is to be abstracted from change'. TR leads to, and…

This article contributes to the debate of the meaning of relationalism and background independence, which has remained of interest in theoretical physics from Newton versus Leibniz through to foundational issues for today's leading…

A local resolution of the Problem of Time has recently been given, alongside reformulation as a local theory of Background Independence. The classical part of this requires just Lie's Mathematics, much of which is basic: i) Lie derivatives…

The Lie claw digraph has recently been shown to control Background Independence and thus both the Problem of Time and the nature of Physical Law. This is established for Flat and Differential Geometry with varying amounts of extra…

Intuitively speaking, a classical field theory is background-independent if the structure required to make sense of its equations is itself subject to dynamical evolution, rather than being imposed ab initio. The aim of this paper is to…

We propose a definition for background (in)/dependence in dynamical theories of the evolution of configurations that have a continuous symmetry and test this definition on particle models and on gravity. Our definition draws from Barbour's…