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In this dissertation, I describe theoretical and numerical studies that address the three-dimensional behavior of spiral shocks in protoplanetary disks and the controversial topic of gas giant formation by disk instability. For this work, I…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-15 Aaron C. Boley

In this article, we proceed to study convection as a possible factor of episodic accretion in protoplanetary disks. Within the model presented in Article~I, the accretion history is analyzed at different rates and areas of matter inflow…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-17 L. A. Maksimova , Ya. N. Pavlyuchenkov , A. V. Tutukov

[abridged] We present a 1+1D global magnetically-driven disk accretion model that captures the essence of the MRI-driven accretion, without resorting to 3D global non-ideal MHD simulations. The gas dynamics is assumed to be solely…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 Timmy N. Delage , Satoshi Okuzumi , Mario Flock , Paola Pinilla , Natalia Dzyurkevich

We present the latest development of the disk gravitational instability and fragmentation model, originally introduced by us to explain episodic accretion bursts in the early stages of star formation. Using our numerical hydrodynamics model…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Eduard I. Vorobyov , Shantanu Basu

We have recently shown that spiral density waves propagating in accretion disks can undergo a parametric instability by resonantly coupling with and transferring energy into pairs of inertial waves (or inertial-gravity waves when buoyancy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-21 Jaehan Bae , Richard P. Nelson , Lee Hartmann

We perform 3D radiation hydrodynamic local shearing box simulations to study the outcome of gravitational instability (GI) in optically thick Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) accretion disks. GI develops when the Toomre parameter QT \leq 1, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-24 Yi-Xian Chen , Yan-Fei Jiang , Jeremy Goodman , Eve C. Ostriker

High-mass young stellar objects exhibit episodic accretion bursts similar to their low-mass counterparts. Understanding these outbursts is crucial for elucidating massive star formation and disk evolution around high-mass protostars. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-10 Vardan Elbakyan , Dennis Wehner , Rolf Kuiper , Sergei Nayakshin , Alessio Caratti o Garatti , Zhen Guo

Self-gravity is important in protoplanetary disks for planet formation through gravitational instability (GI). We study the cooling effect on GI in a thin two-dimensional protoplanetary disk. By solving the linear perturbation equations in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-19 Zehao Su , Xing Wei

We study protoplanetary disc evolution assuming that angular momentum transport is driven by gravitational instability at large radii, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the hot inner regions. At radii of the order of 1 AU such…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Philip J. Armitage , Mario Livio , J. E. Pringle

Magneto-rotational instability (MRI) and gravitational instability (GI) are the two principle routes to turbulent angular momentum transport in accretion disks. Protoplanetary disks may develop both. This paper aims to reinvigorate interest…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Min-Kai Lin

Young protoplanetary discs are expected to be gravitationally unstable, which can drive angular momentum transport as well as be a potential mechanism for planet formation. Gravitational instability is most prevalent in the outer disc where…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-31 Caitriona S. Leedham , Richard A. Booth , Cathie J. Clarke

The Accretion-Ejection Instability (AEI) is explored numerically using a global 2d model of the inner region of a magnetised accretion disk. The disk is initially currentless but threaded by an external vertical magnetic field created by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stuart Caunt , Michel Tagger

The inner regions of protoplanetary disks are prone to thermal instability (TI), which can significantly impact the thermal and dynamic evolution of planet-forming regions. Observable as episodic accretion outbursts, such periodic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-18 Michael Cecil , Mario Flock

Magnetorotational instability (MRI) is the most promising mechanism behind accretion in low-mass protostellar disks. Here we present the first analysis of the global structure and evolution of non-ideal MRI-driven T-Tauri disks on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Russell Landry , Sarah E. Dodson-Robinson , Neal J. Turner , Greg Abram

Outbursts of young stellar objects occur when the mass accretion rate suddenly increases. However, such outbursts are difficult to detect for deeply embedded protostars due to their thick envelope and the rarity of outbursts. The near-IR…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-13 Sung-Yong Yoon , Jeong-Eun Lee , Seokho Lee , Gregory J. Herczeg , Sunkyung Park , Gregory N. Mace , Jae-Joon Lee , Daniel T. Jaffe

We investigate the occurrence of accretion bursts, dust accumulation, and the prospects for planetesimal formation in a gravitationally unstable magnetized protoplanetary disk with globally suppressed but episodically triggered…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-21 Indrani Das , Eduard Vorobyov , Shantanu Basu

The inner edge of the dead zone in protoplanetary disks has been shown to periodically go unstable, leading to accretion outbursts and annular substructure within the dead zone. While dust opacities play a key role in this process, the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Alexandros Ziampras , Tilman Birnstiel , Nicolas Kaufmann , Michael Cecil , Thomas Pfeil

It is generally thought that protoplanetary disks embedded in envelopes are more massive and thus more susceptible to gravitational instabilities (GIs) than exposed disks. We present three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamics simulations of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kai Cai , Richard H. Durisen , Aaron C. Boley , Megan K. Pickett , Annie C. Mejia

The early evolution of protostellar disks with metallicities in the $Z=1.0-0.01~Z_\odot$ range was studied with a particular emphasis on the strength of gravitational instability and the nature of protostellar accretion in low-metallicity…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-01 E. I. Vorobyov , V. G. Elbakyan , K. Omukai , T. Hosokawa , R. Matsukoba , M. Guedel

We use local numerical simulations to investigate the strength and nature of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks, where ambipolar diffusion is the dominant non-ideal MHD effect. The simulations…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Jacob B. Simon , Xue-Ning Bai , James M. Stone , Philip J. Armitage , Kris Beckwith