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Fluctuation theorems are a class of equalities that express universal properties of the probability distribution of a fluctuating path functional such as heat, work or entropy production over an ensemble of trajectories during a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-09 Lee Jinwoo

Fluctuation relations allow for the computation of equilibrium properties, like free energy, from an ensemble of non-equilibrium dynamics simulations. Computing them for quantum systems, however, can be difficult, as performing dynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Lindsay Bassman , Katherine Klymko , Diyi Liu , Norman M. Tubman , Wibe A. de Jong

For macroscopic systems, the second law of thermodynamics establishes an inequality between the amount of work performed on a system in contact with a thermal reservoir, and the change in its free energy. For microscopic systems, this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-02-08 Eliran Boksenbojm , Bram Wynants , Christopher Jarzynski

The fluctuation theorem of the Crooks type is studied for thermodynamic nonlinear- multivariate systems. In particular, a bivariate system having a limit cycle is discussed in detail. It is explicitly shown how the time reversal operation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-02-27 Yasuyuki Matsuo

This book provides a modern review of Fluctuation Relations and Fluctuation Theorems in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It focuses on the pioneering perspectives of Gallavotti and Cohen, according to which a fluctuation theorem…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Noé Cuneo , Vojkan Jakšić , Claude-Alain Pillet , Armen Shirikyan

Common ground to recent studies exploiting relations between dynamical systems and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics is, so we argue, the standard Gibbs formalism applied on the level of space-time histories. The assumptions (chaoticity…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Christian Maes

Fluctuation theorems are one of the pillars of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Broadly speaking, they concern the statistical distribution of quantities such as heat, work or entropy production. Quantum experiments, however, usually can…

The generating functional is derived for the fluctuation-dissipation relations which result from the unitarity and reversibility of microscopic dynamics and connect various statistical characteristics of many consecutive (continuous)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuriy E. Kuzovlev

The Jarzynski equality, which relates equilibrium free-energy difference to an average of non-equilibrium work, plays a central role in modern non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics. In this paper, we study a weaker consequence of this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-06 Dani R. Castellanos , Petr Jizba

In the derivation of fluctuation relations, and in stochastic thermodynamics in general, it is tacitly assumed that we can measure the system perfectly, i.e., without measurement errors. We here demonstrate for a driven system immersed in a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-30 C. W. Wächtler , P. Strasberg , T. Brandes

This work brings together Keldysh non-equilibrium quantum theory and thermodynamics, by showing that a real-time diagrammatic technique is an equivalent of stochastic thermodynamics for non-Markovian quantum machines (heat engines,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-16 Robert S. Whitney

We consider a driven quantum particle in the strong friction regime described by the quantum Smoluchowski equation. We derive Crooks and Jarzynski type relations for the reduced quantum system by properly generalizing the entropy production…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-04-27 Sebastian Deffner , Michael Brunner , Eric Lutz

Motivated by proposed thermometry measurement on an open quantum system, we present a simple model of an externally driven qubit interacting with a finite sized, fermion environment acting as calorimeter. The derived dynamics is governed by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-22 Antti Kupiainen , Paolo Muratore-Ginanneschi , Jukka Pekola , Kay Schwieger

We study experimentally the thermal fluctuations of energy input and dissipation in a harmonic oscillator driven out of equilibrium, and search for Fluctuation Relations. We study transient evolution from the equilibrium state, together…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-11-28 Sylvain Joubaud , Nicolas Garnier , Sergio Ciliberto

Stochastic entropy production, which quantifies the difference between the probabilities of trajectories of a stochastic dynamics and its time reversals, has a central role in nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In the theory of probability, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-03-04 Ying-Jen Yang , Hong Qian

Heat, work and entropy production: the statistical distribution of such quantities are constrained by the fluctuation theorems (FT), which reveal crucial properties about the nature of non-equilibrium dynamics. In this paper we report…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-15 K. Khan , J. Sales Araújo , W. F. Magalhães , G. H. Aguilar , B. de Lima Bernardo

We study the applications of non-equilibrium relations such as the Jarzynski equality and fluctuation theorem to spin glasses with gauge symmetry. It is shown that the exponentiated free-energy difference appearing in the Jarzynski equality…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2010-07-27 Masayuki Ohzeki , Hidetoshi Nishimori

The fluctuation theorem is a pivotal result of statistical physics. It quantifies the probability of observing fluctuations which are in violation of the second law of thermodynamics. More specifically, it quantifies the ratio of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-26 M. Belushkin , R. Livi , G. Foffi

In this paper, we address an important question of the relationship between fluctuation theorems for the dissipated work $W_{d} = W-\Delta F$ with general finite-time (like Jarzynski equality and Crooks relation) and infinite-time (like…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-31 A. Mandaiya , I. M. Khaymovich

In open quantum systems, a clear distinction between work and heat is often challenging, and extending the quantum Jarzynski equality to systems evolving under general quantum channels beyond unitality remains an open problem in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-10 Akira Sone , Yi-Xiang Liu , Paola Cappellaro