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We introduce a framework for the formal specification and verification of quantum circuits based on the Feynman path integral. Our formalism, built around exponential sums of polynomial functions, provides a structured and natural way of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Matthew Amy

The Gottesman-Knill theorem asserts that a quantum circuit composed of Clifford gates can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. Here we revisit this theorem and extend it to quantum circuits composed of Clifford and T gates,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-11 Sergey Bravyi , David Gosset

Randomized benchmarking (RB) is an important protocol for robustly characterizing the error rates of quantum gates. The technique is typically applied to the Clifford gates since they form a group that satisfies a convenient technical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-26 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

Generating samples from the output distribution of a quantum circuit is a ubiquitous task used as a building block of many quantum algorithms. Here we show how to accomplish this task on a noisy quantum processor lacking full-blown error…

Quantum logic gates must perform properly when operating on their standard input basis states, as well as when operating on complex superpositions of these states. Experiments using superconducting qubits have validated the truth table for…

In this paper we study the potential of using reinforcement learning (RL) in order to synthesize quantum circuits, while optimizing the T-count and CS-count, of unitaries that are exactly implementable by the Clifford+T and Clifford+CS gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 David Kremer , Ali Javadi-Abhari , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

Optimizing the size and depth of CNOT circuits is an active area of research in quantum computing and is particularly relevant for circuits synthesized from the Clifford + T universal gate set. Although many techniques exist for finding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Alan Bu , Evan Fan , Robert Sanghyeon Joo

While implementing a quantum algorithm it is crucial to reduce the quantum resources, in order to obtain the desired computational advantage. For most fault-tolerant quantum error-correcting codes the cost of implementing the non-Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

Bounding the cost of classically simulating the outcomes of universal quantum circuits to additive error $\delta$ is often called weak simulation and is a direct way to determine when they confer a quantum advantage. Weak simulation of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-04 Lucas Kocia

The leading paradigm for performing computation on quantum memories can be encapsulated as distill-then-synthesize. Initially, one performs several rounds of distillation to create high-fidelity magic states that provide one good T gate, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-15 Earl T. Campbell , Mark Howard

Any unitary operation in quantum information processing can be implemented via a sequence of simpler steps - quantum gates. However, actual implementation of a quantum gate is always imperfect and takes a finite time. Therefore, seeking for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Michal Sedlak , Martin Plesch

Building a quantum computer is a daunting challenge since it requires good control but also good isolation from the environment to minimize decoherence. It is therefore important to realize quantum gates efficiently, using as few operations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-28 T. Bækkegaard , L. B. Kristensen , N. J. S. Loft , C. K. Andersen , D. Petrosyan , N. T. Zinner

Group twirling is crucial in quantum information processing, particularly in randomized benchmarking and random compiling. While protocols based on Pauli twirling have been effectively crafted to transform arbitrary noise channels into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Guoding Liu , Ziyi Xie , Zitai Xu , Xiongfeng Ma

In recent years, the quantum computing community has seen an explosion of novel methods to implement non-trivial quantum computations on near-term hardware. An important direction of research has been to decompose an arbitrary entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-24 Harsha Nagarajan , Owen Lockwood , Carleton Coffrin

We describe a scalable experimental protocol for obtaining estimates of the error rate of individual quantum computational gates. This protocol, in which random Clifford gates are interleaved between a gate of interest, provides a bounded…

Existing quantum systems provide very limited physical qubit counts, trying to execute a quantum algorithm/circuit on them that have a higher number of logical qubits than physically available lead to a compile-time error. Given that it is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Movahhed Sadeghi , Soheil Khadirsharbiyani , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir

We consider the problem of the variational quantum circuit synthesis into a gate set consisting of the CNOT gate and arbitrary single-qubit (1q) gates with the primary target being the minimization of the CNOT count. First we note that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Nikita A. Nemkov , Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Ilia A. Luchnikov , Aleksey K. Fedorov

Our goal in this paper is to construct optimal topological generators for compact unitary Lie groups, extending the work of a letter of Sarnak and arXiv:1704.02106 on golden and super-golden gates to higher dimensions. To do so we consider…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-12 Rahul Dalal , Shai Evra , Ori Parzanchevski

Quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes are among the leading candidates to realize error-corrected quantum memories with low qubit overhead. Potentially high encoding rates and large distance relative to their block size make them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Josias Old , Juval Bechar , Markus Müller , Sascha Heußen

We present a quantum synthesis algorithm designed to produce short circuits and to scale well in practice. The main contribution is a novel representation of circuits able to encode placement and topology using generic "gates", which allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-15 Ed Younis , Koushik Sen , Katherine Yelick , Costin Iancu