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By advances in technology, integrated circuits have come to include more functionality and more complexity in a single chip. Although methods of testing have improved, but the increase in complexity of circuits, keeps testing a challenging…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Elaheh Sadredini , Reza Rahimi , Paniz Foroutan , Mahmood Fathy , Zainalabedin Navabi

As processors increase in complexity, costs grow even more rapidly, both for functional verification and performance validation. Most often, silicon characterizations comprise simple performance counters, which are aggregated and separated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Daniel Ruelas-Petrisko , Farzam Gilani , Anoop Mysore Nataraja , Zoe Taylor , Michael Taylor

Cycle-accurate software simulation of multicores with complex microarchitectures is often excruciatingly slow. People use simplified core models to gain simulation speed. However, a persistent question is to what extent the results derived…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Sizhuo Zhang , Andrew Wright , Daniel Sanchez , Arvind

Hardware-firmware integration is becoming a productivity bottleneck due to the increasing complexity of accelerators, characterized by intricate memory hierarchies and firmware-intensive execution. While numerous verification techniques…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 G Abarajithan , Zhenghua Ma , Francesco Restuccia , Ryan Kastner

The introduction of complex SoCs with multiple processor cores presents new development challenges, such that development support is now a decisive factor when choosing a System-on-Chip (SoC). The presented developments support strategy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 A. Mayer , H. Siebert , K. D. Mcdonald-Maier

Functional verification is a critical bottleneck in integrated circuit development, with CPU verification being especially time-intensive and labour-consuming. Industrial practice relies on differential testing for CPU verification, yet…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jialin Sun , Yuchen Hu , Dean You , Yushu Du , Hui Wang , Xinwei Fang , Weiwei Shan , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

A new field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based emulation platform is proposed to accelerate fault tolerance analysis of inference accelerators of convolutional neural networks (CNN). For a given CNN model, hardware accelerator…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Filip Masar , Vojtech Mrazek , Lukas Sekanina

Security vulnerability analysis of Integrated Circuits using conventional design-time validation and verification techniques (like simulations, emulations, etc.) is generally a computationally intensive task and incomplete by nature,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Faiq Khalid , Imran Hafeez Abbassi , Semeen Rehman , Awais Mehmood Kamboh , Osman Hasan , Muhammad Shafique

The growing gap between the increasing complexity of large language models (LLMs) and the limited computational budgets of edge devices poses a key challenge for efficient on-device inference, despite gradual improvements in hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios Spatharakis , Saeid Ghafouri , Jiakun Fan , Hans Vandierendonck , Deepu John , Bo Ji , Dimitrios Nikolopoulos

Very deep submicron and nanometer technologies have increased notably integrated circuit (IC) sensitiveness to radiation. Soft errors are currently appearing into ICs working at earth surface. Hardened circuits are currently required in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Celia Lopez-Ongil , Mario Garcia-Valderas , Marta Portela-Garcia , Luis Entrena-Arrontes

Virtual Prototypes (VPs) are important tools in modern hardware development. At high abstractions, they are often implemented in SystemC and offer early analysis of increasingly complex designs. These complex designs often combine one or…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Karl Aaron Rudkowski , Sallar Ahmadi-Pour , Rolf Drechsler

Memristive crossbars have become a popular means for realizing unsupervised and supervised learning techniques. In previous neuromorphic architectures with leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, the crossbar itself has been separated from the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Walt Woods , Christof Teuscher

In this paper, we propose an architecture for FPGA emulation of mixed-signal systems that achieves high accuracy at a high throughput. We represent the analog output of a block as a superposition of step responses to changes in its analog…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Steven Herbst , Byong Chan Lim , Mark Horowitz

This work presents AEQUAM (Area Efficient QUAntum eMulation), a toolchain that enables faster and more accessible quantum circuit verification. It consists of a compiler that translates OpenQASM 2.0 into RISC-like instructions, Cython…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Lorenzo Lagostina , Deborah Volpe , Maurizio Zamboni , Giovanna Turvani

The increasing complexity and the short life cycles of embedded systems are pushing the current system-on-chip designs towards a rapid increasing on the number of programmable processing units, while decreasing the gate count for custom…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Alexandre M. Amory , Marcelo Lubaszewski , Fernando G. Moraes , Edson I. Moreno

Simulation of atomic resolution image formation in scanning transmission electron microscopy can require significant computation times using traditional methods. A recently developed method, termed plane-wave reciprocal-space interpolated…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-07-07 Alan Pryor , Colin Ophus , Jianwei Miao

System-level design, once the province of board designers, has now become a central concern for chip designers. Because chip design is a less forgiving design medium -- design cycles are longer and mistakes are harder to correct --…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya , Marilyn Wolf

In-memory computing technology is used extensively in artificial intelligence devices due to lower power consumption and fast calculation of matrix-based functions. The development of such a device and its integration in a system takes a…

Safety-critical designs need to ensure reliable operations under hostile conditions with a certain degree of confidence. The continuously higher complexity of these designs makes them more susceptible to the risk of failure. ISO26262…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Endri Kaja , Nicolas Gerlin , Luis Rivas , Monideep Bora , Keerthikumara Devarajegowda , Wolfgang Ecker

High-throughput imaging workflows, such as Parallel Rapid Imaging with Spectroscopic Mapping (PRISM), generate data at rates that exceed conventional real-time processing capabilities. We present a scalable FPGA-based preprocessing pipeline…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Weichien Liao