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Let $L$ be a set of graphs. $Free$($L$) is the set of graphs that do not contain any graph in $L$ as an induced subgraph. It is known that if $L$ is a set of four-vertex graphs, then the complexity of the coloring problem for $Free$($L$) is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-26 Dallas J. Fraser , Angèle M. Hamel , Chính T. Hoàng

Given two graphs $H_1$ and $H_2$, a graph $G$ is $(H_1,H_2)$-free if it contains no subgraph isomorphic to $H_1$ or $H_2$. Let $P_t$ and $C_s$ be the path on $t$ vertices and the cycle on $s$ vertices, respectively. In this paper we show…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-14 Serge Gaspers , Shenwei Huang

In this paper, we introduce the generic circular triangle-free graph $\mathbb C_3$ and propose a finite axiomatization of its first order theory. In particular, our main results show that a countable graph $G$ embeds into $\mathbb C_3$ if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-19 Manuel Bodirsky , Santiago Guzmán-Pro

We consider the class of Berge graphs that do not contain a chordless cycle of length $4$. We present a purely graph-theoretical algorithm that produces an optimal coloring in polynomial time for every graph in that class.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Maria Chudnovsky , Irene Lo , Frederic Maffray , Nicolas Trotignon , Kristina Vuskovic

Unlabeled multigraphs have diverse applications across scientific fields, from transportation and social networks to polymer physics. In particular, multigraphs are essential for studying the relationship between the spatial organization…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-21 Andrea Bonato

Given two graphs $H_1$ and $H_2$, a graph $G$ is $(H_1,H_2)$-free if it contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to $H_1$ or $H_2$. A $P_t$ is the path on $t$ vertices. A chair is a $P_4$ with an additional vertex adjacent to one of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-09 Shenwei Huang , Zeyu Li

A graph coloring has bounded clustering if each monochromatic component has bounded size. This paper studies such a coloring, where the number of colors depends on an excluded complete bipartite subgraph. This is a much weaker assumption…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-29 Chun-Hung Liu , David R. Wood

In a colouring of a graph, a vertex is b-chromatic if it is adjacent to a vertex of every other colour. We consider four well-studied colouring problems: b-Chromatic Number, Tight b-Chromatic Number, Fall Chromatic Number and Fall…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Jungho Ahn , Tala Eagling-Vose , Felicia Lucke , David Manlove , Fabricio Mendoza , Daniël Paulusma

A graph $G$ is called chromatic-choosable if $\chi(G)=ch(G)$. A natural problem is to determine the minimum number of vertices in a $k$-chromatic non-$k$-choosable graph. It was conjectured by Ohba, and proved by Noel, Reed and Wu that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-01 Jialu Zhu , Xuding Zhu

A repetition is a sequence of symbols in which the first half is the same as the second half. An edge-coloring of a graph is repetition-free or nonrepetitive if there is no path with a color pattern that is a repetition. The minimum number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 A. Kündgen , T. Talbot

The degree chromatic polynomial $Pm(G,k)$ of a graph $G$ counts the number of $k$-colorings in which no vertex has $m$ adjacent vertices of its same color. We prove Humpert and Martin's conjecture on the leading terms of the degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-20 Diego Cifuentes

The odd chromatic number and the conflict-free chromatic number are new graph parameters introduced by Petru\v{s}evski and \v{S}krekovski [2021] and Fabrici, Lu\v{z}ar, Rindo\v{s}ov\'a and Sot\'ak [2022] respectively. In this note, we show…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-22 Robert Hickingbotham

We study the structure of graphs that do not contain the wheel on 5 vertices W4 as an immersion, and show that these graphs can be constructed via 1, 2, and 3-edge-sums from subcubic graphs and graphs of bounded treewidth.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-08 Rémy Belmonte , Archontia Giannopoulou , Daniel Lokshtanov , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

The chromatic polynomial is characterized as the unique polynomial invariant of graphs, compatible with two interacting bialgebras structures: the first coproduct is given by partitions of vertices into two parts, the second one by a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Loïc Foissy

Gy\'arf\'as and Sumner independently conjectured that for every tree $T$, the class of graphs not containing $T$ as an induced subgraph is $\chi$-bounded, that is, the chromatic numbers of graphs in this class are bounded above by a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-11 Alex Scott , Paul Seymour

A graph $H$ is common if the number of monochromatic copies of $H$ in a 2-edge-colouring of the complete graph $K_n$ is asymptotically minimised by the random colouring. We prove that, given $k,r>0$, there exists a $k$-connected common…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-14 Sejin Ko , Joonkyung Lee

Muller and Schupp introduced the concept of context-free graphs (originating from Cayley graphs of context-free groups). These graphs are always tree-like (i.e. quasi-isometric to a tree) and in this paper we investigate the subclass of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jan Philipp Wächter

Dvo\v{r}\'ak and Kawarabayashi [European Journal of Combinatorics, 2017] asked, what is the largest chromatic number attainable by a graph of treewidth $t$ with no $K_r$ subgraph? In this paper, we consider the fractional version of this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Peter Bradshaw

Color-constrained subgraph problems are those where we are given an edge-colored (directed or undirected) graph and the task is to find a specific type of subgraph, like a spanning tree, an arborescence, a single-source shortest path tree,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-24 P. S. Ardra , Jasine Babu , Kritika Kashyap , R. Krithika , Sreejith K. Pallathumadam , Deepak Rajendraprasad

We revisit a classical paper about (even hole, triangle)-free graphs [Conforti, Cornu\'ejols, Kapoor and Vu\v skovi\'c, Triangle-free graphs that are signable without even holes, Journal of Graph Theory, 34(3), 204--220, 2000]. In fact, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Beatriz Martins , Nicolas Trotignon