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Quantum thermometry refers to the study of measuring ultra-low temperatures in quantum systems. The precision of such a quantum thermometer is limited by the degree to which temperature can be estimated by quantum measurements. More…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-15 Sebastian Deffner

Quantum thermodynamics has emerged as a separate sub-discipline, revising the concepts and laws of thermodynamics, at the quantum scale. In particular, there has been a disruptive shift in the way thermometry, and thermometers are perceived…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Wai-Keong Mok , Kishor Bharti , Leong-Chuan Kwek , Abolfazl Bayat

We investigate the limits of thermometry using quantum probes at thermal equilibrium within the Bayesian approach. We consider the possibility of engineering interactions between the probes in order to enhance their sensitivity, as well as…

A paradigm shift in quantum thermometry is proposed. To date, thermometry has relied on local estimation, which is useful to reduce statistical fluctuations once the temperature is very well known. In order to estimate temperatures in cases…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-04 Jesús Rubio , Janet Anders , Luis A. Correa

A theory of local temperature measurement of an interacting quantum electron system far from equilibrium via a floating thermoelectric probe is developed. It is shown that the local temperature so defined is consistent with the zeroth,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 Charles A. Stafford

Quantum thermometry aims to measure temperature in nanoscale quantum systems, paralleling classical thermometry. However, temperature is not a quantum observable, and most theoretical studies have therefore concentrated on analyzing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Yan Xie , Junjie Liu

The thermoelectric voltage of a quantum dot connected to leads is calculated using the scattering R-matrix method. Our approach takes into account a temperature gradient between the contacts beyond the linear regime. We obtain sign changes…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-12-25 Anda Elena Stanciu , George Alexandru Nemnes , Andrei Manolescu

A theoretical proposal that Coulomb-coupled quantum dots can be used as quantum probes to determine the temperature of a sample (i.e., an electronic reservoir) is proposed. Through the regulation of the positive or negative voltage bias in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-08-13 Yanchao Zhang , Jincan Chen

We discuss the application of techniques of quantum estimation theory and quantum metrology to thermometry. The ultimate limit to the precision at which the temperature of a system at thermal equilibrium can be determined is related to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Antonella De Pasquale , Thomas M. Stace

We study three-terminal thermoelectric transport in a two-dimensional Quantum Point Contact (QPC) connected to left and right electronic reservoirs, as well as a third one represented by a scanning probe tip. The latter acts as a voltage…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-27 Geneviève Fleury , Cosimo Gorini , Rafael Sánchez

We theoretically study how one can control and enhance nonlinear thermoelectricity by regulating quantum coherence in nanostructures such as a quantum dot system or a single-molecule junction. In nanostructures, the typical temperature…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-03-11 Nobuhiko Taniguchi

We provide a detailed description of the quantum interferometric thermometer, which is a device that estimates the temperature of a sample from the measurements of the optical phase. For the first time, we rigorously analyze the operation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-15 Marcin Jarzyna , Marcin Zwierz

While the ability to measure low temperatures accurately in quantum systems is important in a wide range of experiments, the possibilities and the fundamental limits of quantum thermometry are not yet fully understood theoretically. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-10 Patrick P. Potts , Jonatan Bohr Brask , Nicolas Brunner

We show that a local measurement of temperature and voltage for a quantum system in steady state, arbitrarily far from equilibrium, with arbitrary interactions within the system, is unique when it exists. This is interpreted as a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-10-26 Abhay Shastry , Charles A. Stafford

Thermometry is a fundamental parameter estimation problem which is crucial in the development process of natural sciences. One way to solve this problem is to the extensive used local thermometry theory, which makes use of the classical and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-16 Shoukang Chang , Wei Ye , Xuan Rao , Huan Zhang , Liqing Huang , Mengmeng Luo , Yuetao Chen , Qiang Ma , Shaoyan Gao

High-precision low-temperature thermometry is a challenge for experimental quantum physics and quantum sensing. Here we consider a thermometer modelled by a dynamically-controlled multilevel quantum probe in contact with a bath. Dynamical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-17 Victor Mukherjee , Analia Zwick , Arnab Ghosh , Xi Chen , Gershon Kurizki

Precise thermometry for quantum systems is important to the development of new technology, and understanding the ultimate limits to precision presents a fundamental challenge. It is well known that optimal thermometry requires projective…

We study the Bayesian approach to thermometry with no prior knowledge about the expected temperature scale, through the example of energy measurements on fully or partially thermalized qubit probes. We show that the most common Bayesian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-07 Julia Boeyens , Stella Seah , Stefan Nimmrichter

Probes that measure the local thermal properties of systems out of equilibrium are emerging as new tools in the study of nanoscale systems. One can then measure the temperature of a probe that is weakly coupled to a bias-driven system. By…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-05-13 LvZhou Ye , Dong Hou , Xiao Zheng , YiJing Yan , Massimiliano Di Ventra

We consider the problem of estimating the temperature $ T $ of a very cold equilibrium sample. The temperature estimates are drawn from measurements performed on a quantum probe strongly coupled to it. We model this scenario by resorting to…

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