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Theoretical and observational investigations have indicated that the abundance of carbon monoxide (CO) is very sensitive to intrinsic properties of the gaseous medium, such as density, metallicity, and the background UV field. In order to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-20 Rahul Shetty , Simon C. Glover , Cornelis P. Dullemond , Ralf S. Klessen

{It is well established that the atomic interstellar hydrogen is filling the galaxies and constitutes the building blocks of molecular clouds.} {To understand the formation and the evolution of molecular clouds, it is necessary to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 E. Audit , P. Hennebelle

We have extensively mapped a sample of dense molecular clouds (L1512, TMC-1C, L1262, Per 7, L1389, L1251E) in lines of HC3N, CH3OH, SO and C^{18}O. We demonstrate that a high degree of chemical differentiation is present in all of the…

We present a systematic analysis of the velocity structure functions (VSFs) of 167 molecular clouds with angular sizes greater than $\sim$176 arcmin$^2$ in three sectors of the Galactic mid-plane. We calculated the 1st- to 3rd-order VSFs…

The one-point probability distribution function (pdf) of the large-scale density field is an important tool to follow the evolution of cosmological structures. In this paper we present a new model for this pdf for all regimes and all…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Patrick Valageas , Dipak Munshi

We demonstrate that the observationally inferred rapid onset of star formation after parental molecular clouds have assembled can be achieved by flow-driven cloud formation of atomic gas, using our previous three-dimensional numerical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Fabian Heitsch , Lee Hartmann

To what extent magnetic fields affect how molecular clouds (MCs) fragment and create dense structures is an open question. We present a numerical study of cloud fragmentation using the SILCC-Zoom simulations. These simulations follow the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-07-26 S. Ganguly , S. Walch , D. Seifried , S. D. Clarke , M. Weis

The fragmentation of filaments in molecular clouds has attracted a lot of attention as there seems to be a relation between the evolution of filaments and star formation. The study of the fragmentation process has been motivated by simple…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-03-07 R. -A. Chira , J. Kainulainen , J. C. Ibàñez-Mejía , Th. Henning , M. -M. Mac Low

In previous contributions, we have presented an analytical model describing the evolution of molecular clouds (MCs) undergoing hierarchical gravitational contraction. The cloud's evolution is characterized by an initial increase in its…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-18 Enrique Vázquez-Semadeni , Manuel Zamora-Avilés , Roberto Galván-Madrid , Jan Forbrich

We introduce the concept of a class of equivalence of molecular clouds represented by an abstract spherically symmetric, isotropic object. This object is described by use of abstract scales in respect to a given mass density distribution.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-18 Sava Donkov , Todor V. Veltchev , Ralf S. Klessen

Density probability distribution functions (PDFs) for turbulent self-gravitating clouds should be convolutions of the local log-normal PDF, which depends on the local average density rho-ave and Mach number M, and the probability…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 Bruce G. Elmegreen

Understanding of cloud microphysics and the evolution of cloud structures in sub-stellar atmospheres remains a key challenge in the JWST era. The abundance of new JWST data necessitates models that are suitable for coupling with large-scale…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-19 Elspeth K. H. Lee , Kazumasa Ohno

Molecular clouds are essentially made up of atomic and molecular hydrogen, which in spite of being the simplest molecule in the ISM plays a key role in the chemical evolution of molecular clouds. Since its formation time is very long, the…

Giant molecular clouds (GMCs) are well-studied in the local Universe, however, exactly how their properties vary during galaxy evolution is poorly understood due to challenging resolution requirements, both observational and computational.…

We investigate chemistry in the compression layer behind the interstellar shock waves, where molecular cloud formation starts. We perform three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulations of converging flows of atomic gas with shock…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-11-20 Yuto Komichi , Yuri Aikawa , Kazunari Iwasaki , Kenji Furuya

Recent surveys of dust continuum emission at sub-mm wavelengths have shown that filamentary molecular clouds are ubiquitous along the Galactic plane. These structures are inhomogeneous, with over-densities that are sometimes associated with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-01-27 Yanett Contreras , Guido Garay , Jill M. Rathborne , Patricio Sanhueza

A fraction of the dense cores within a turbulent molecular cloud will eventually collapse to form stars. Identifying the physical criteria for instability and analyzing critical core properties is therefore necessary to star formation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-16 Sanghyuk Moon , Eve C. Ostriker

The evolution of radiation emitted during the dynamical collapse of metal-free protostellar clouds is investigated within a spherically symmetric hydrodynamical scheme that includes the transfer of radiation and the chemistry of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Emanuele Ripamonti , Francesco Haardt , Andrea Ferrara , Monica Colpi

A fundamental issue in star formation is understanding the precise mechanisms leading to the formation of prestellar cores, and their subsequent gravitationally unstable evolution. To address this question, we carefully construct a suite of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-13 Sanghyuk Moon , Eve C. Ostriker

There has been overwhelming evidence that coherent structures play a critical role in determining the overall transport in a variety of systems. We compute the probability distribution function (PDF) tails of momentum flux and heat flux in…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Johan Anderson , Eun-jin Kim