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We investigate the win-lose relations between strategies of iterated prisoner's dilemma games by using a directed network concept to display the replicator dynamics results. In the giant strongly-connected component of the win/lose network,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-01-16 Young Jin Kim , Myungkyoon Roh , Seon-Young Jeong , Seung-Woo Son

The emergence of mutual cooperation is studied in a spatially extended evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game in which the players are located on the sites of cubic lattices for dimensions d=1, 2, and 3. Each player can choose one of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Gyorgy Szabo , Tibor Antal , Peter Szabo , Michel Droz

Evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma games with quenched inhomogeneities in the spatial dynamical rules are considered. The players following one of the two pure strategies (cooperation or defection) are distributed on a two-dimensional lattice.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Attila Szolnoki , Gyorgy Szabo

We study new classes of games, called zero-sum equivalent games and zero-sum equivalent potential games, and prove decomposition theorems involving these classes of games. We say that two games are "strategically equivalent" if, for every…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Sung-Ha Hwang , Luc Rey-Bellet

We develop a method based on computer algebra systems to represent the mutual pure strategy best-response dynamics of symmetric two-player, two-action repeated games played by players with a one-period memory. We apply this method to the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-10-04 Janusz M Meylahn , Lars Janssen

It is well known that in contrast to the Prisoner's Dilemma, the snowdrift game can lead to a stable coexistence of cooperators and cheaters. Recent theoretical evidence on the snowdrift game suggests that gradual evolution for individuals…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-19 Tatsuya Sasaki , Isamu Okada

We study the evolution of cooperation in the spatial prisoner's dilemma game where players are allowed to establish new interactions with others. By employing a simple coevolutionary rule entailing only two crucial parameters, we find that…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-12-30 Chunyan Zhang , Jianlei Zhang , Guangming Xie , Long Wang , Matjaz Perc

We considered a three-strategy game with the characteristics of the prisoner's dilemma and stag hunt games. This game was inspired by recent experimental studies that elucidated the role of individual solutions. People who adopt individual…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-11 Hirofumi Takesue

The advent of Zero-Determinant (ZD) strategies has reshaped the study of reciprocity and cooperation in the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma games. The ramification of ZD strategies has been demonstrated through their ability to unilaterally…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-08-05 Xingru Chen , Long Wang , Feng Fu

We study the emergency of mutual cooperation in evolutionary prisoner's dilemma games when the players are located on a square lattice. The players can choose one of the three strategies: cooperation (C), defection (D) or "tit for tat" (T),…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-24 Gyorgy Szabo , Tibor Antal , Peter Szabo , Michel Droz

A simplified prisoner's game is studied on a square lattice when the players interacting with their neighbors can follow only two strategies: to cooperate (C) or to defect (D) unconditionally. The players updated in a random sequence have a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-30 Gyorgy Szabo , Csaba Toke

We investigate the evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game in structured populations by introducing dimers, which are defined as that two players in each dimer always hold a same strategy. We find that influences of dimers on cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-30 Haihong Li , Hongyan Cheng , Qionglin Dai , Ping Ju , Mei Zhang , Junzhong Yang

Recent studies in the spatial prisoner's dilemma games with reinforcement learning have shown that static agents can learn to cooperate through a diverse sort of mechanisms, including noise injection, different types of learning algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Gustavo C. Mangold , Heitor C. M. Fernandes , Mendeli H. Vainstein

We present tournament results and several powerful strategies for the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma created using reinforcement learning techniques (evolutionary and particle swarm algorithms). These strategies are trained to perform well…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-07 Marc Harper , Vincent Knight , Martin Jones , Georgios Koutsovoulos , Nikoleta E. Glynatsi , Owen Campbell

We have studied a spatially extended snowdrift game, in which the players are located on the sites of two-dimensional square lattices and repeatedly have to choose one of the two strategies, either cooperation (C) or defection (D). A player…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Marko Sysi-Aho , Jari Saramaki , Janos Kertesz , Kimmo Kaski

Commitment is a well-established mechanism for fostering cooperation in human society and multi-agent systems. However, existing research has predominantly focused on the commitment that neglects the freedom of players to abstain from an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhao Song , The Anh Han

The effects of an additional strategy or character called loner in the snowdrift game are studied in a well-mixed population or fully-connected network and in a square lattice. The snowdrift game, which is a possible alternative to the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Li-Xin Zhong , Da-Fang Zheng , B. Zheng , Chen Xu , P. M. Hui

We present a collaboration ring model -- a network of players playing the prisoner's dilemma game and collaborating among the nearest neighbours by forming coalitions. The microscopic stochastic updating of the players' strategies are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-13 Joy Das Bairagya , Jonathan Newton , Sagar Chakraborty

It is generally believed that in a situation where individual and collective interests are in conflict, the availability of optional participation is a key mechanism to maintain cooperation. Surprisingly, this effect is sensitive to the use…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-06-21 Marcos Cardinot , Colm O'Riordan , Josephine Griffith , Attila Szolnoki

Game theory is fundamental to understanding cooperation between agents. Mainly, the Prisoner's Dilemma is a well-known model that has been extensively studied in complex networks. However, although the emergence of cooperation has been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-01-04 Nastaran Lotfi , Francisco A. Rodrigues