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Cosmic shear requires high precision measurement of galaxy shapes in the presence of the observational Point Spread Function (PSF) that smears out the image. The PSF must therefore be known for each galaxy to a high accuracy. However, for…
The optical reflection coefficient of a dielectric medium moving uniformly in the plane spanned by its surface is rigorously calculated using classical electrodynamics and special relativity, and expressed in the Fourier domain, as a…
Imaging with a layered superlens is a spatial filtering operation characterized by the point spread function (PSF). We show that in the same optical system the image of a narrow sub-wavelength Gaussian incident field may be surprisingly…
Aims:Calibrating the point spread function (PSF) is a fundamental part of weak gravitational lensing analyses. Even with corrected galaxy images, imperfect calibrations can introduce biases. We propose an analytical framework for…
This paper presents a comprehensive experimental validation of a recently developed Ray Deflection Function (RDF) approach, which offers a new framework for modeling surface roughness effects in optical systems. Through detailed geometrical…
Uncertainty in the wide-angle Point Spread Function (PSF) at large angles (tens of arcseconds and beyond) is one of the dominant sources of error in a number of important quantities in observational astronomy. Examples include the stellar…
Uniform powder spreading is a requisite for creating consistent, high-quality components via powder bed additive manufacturing (AM), wherein layer density and uniformity are complex functions of powder characteristics, spreading kinematics,…
Ultrasound is widely used in medical diagnostics allowing for accessible and powerful imaging but suffers from resolution limitations due to diffraction and the finite aperture of the imaging system, which restricts diagnostic use. The…
We develop a means for speckle-based phase imaging of the projected thickness of a single-material object, under the assumption of illumination by spatially random time-independent x-ray speckles. These speckles are generated by passing x…
Optical microscopy is an essential tool in biology and medicine. Imaging thin, yet non-flat objects in a single shot (without relying on more sophisticated sectioning setups) remains challenging as the shallow depth of field that comes with…
Simulated images are essential in algorithm development and instrument testing for optical telescopes. During real observations, images obtained by optical telescopes are affected by spatially variable point spread functions (PSFs), a…
A shearing interferometer is presented which uses polarization control to shear the wavefront and to modulate the interference pattern. The shear is generated by spatial walk-off in a birefringent crystal. By adjusting the orientation of…
Point spread function (PSF) plays an essential role in image reconstruction. In the context of confocal microscopy, optical performance degrades towards the edge of the field of view as astigmatism, coma and vignetting. Thus, one should…
Grazing-Incidence X-ray fluorescence (GIXRF) analysis, which is closely related to total-reflection XRF, is a very powerful technique for the in-depth analysis of many types of technologically relevant samples, e.g. nanoparticle…
A novel approach for measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band using conventional imaging optics and cameras is described. A new type of high efficiency grating, called the critical angle transmission grating is used to disperse…
We present a new shear estimator for weak lensing observations which properly accounts for the effects of a realistic point spread function (PSF). Images of faint galaxies are subject to gravitational shearing followed by smearing with the…
In this paper, we revisit computational methods to obtain an angular profile of optical scattering from a smooth surface, given a two-dimensional map of topographic height errors of the surface. Quick derivations of some traditional…
An approach for measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band using conventional spectroscopic optics is described. A set of multilayer-coated flats reflect the dispersed X-rays to the instrument detectors. The intensity variation…
In most theories of diffraction by a diaphragm, the amplitude of the diffracted wave, and hence the position wave function of the associated particle, is calculated directly without prior calculation of the quantum state. Few models express…
Blur in X-ray radiographs not only reduces the sharpness of image edges but also reduces the overall contrast. The effective blur in a radiograph is the combined effect of blur from multiple sources such as the detector panel, X-ray source…