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Maxmin trees are labeled trees with the property that each vertex is either a local maximum or a local minimum. Such trees were originally introduced by Postnikov, who gave a formula to count them and different combinatorial interpretations…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-06 William Dugan , Sam Glennon , Paul E. Gunnells , Einar Steingrimsson

This paper provides the generating series for the embedding of tree-like graphs of arbitrary number of vertices, accourding to their genus. It applies and extends the techniques of Chan, where it was used to give an alternate proof of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-10 Aaron Chun Shing Chan

We consider the random walk in an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random environment on a Cayley graph of a finite free product of copies of $\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathbb{Z}_2$. Such a Cayley graph is readily seen to be a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Siva Athreya , Antar Bandyopadhyay , Amites Dasgupta , Neeraja Sahasrabudhe

A $k$-plane tree is a plane tree whose vertices are assigned labels between $1$ and $k$ in such a way that the sum of the labels along any edge is no greater than $k+1$. These trees are known to be related to $(k+1)$-ary trees, and they are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-12 Isaac Owino Okoth , Stephan Wagner

Poly-trees are singly connected causal networks in which variables may arise from multiple causes. This paper develops a method of recovering ply-trees from empirically measured probability distributions of pairs of variables. The method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 George Rebane , Judea Pearl

We study the asymptotic number of certain monotonically labeled increasing trees arising from a generalized evolution process. The main difference between the presented model and the classical model of binary increasing trees is that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-30 Olivier Bodini , Antoine Genitrini , Bernhard Gittenberger , Stephan Wagner

We prove a lower bound on the number of spanning two-forests in a graph, in terms of the number of vertices, edges, and spanning trees. This implies an upper bound on the average cut size of a random two-forest. The main tool is an identity…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-09 Harry Richman , Farbod Shokrieh , Chenxi Wu

We study branching random walks on Cayley graphs. A first result is that the trace of a transient branching random walk on a Cayley graph is a.s. transient for the simple random walk. In addition, it has a.s. critical percolation…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-10-22 Itai Benjamini , Sebastian Müller

The Gy\'arf\'as tree packing conjecture asserts that any set of trees with $2,3, ..., k$ vertices has an (edge-disjoint) packing into the complete graph on $k$ vertices. Gy\'arf\'as and Lehel proved that the conjecture holds in some special…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-24 Dániel Gerbner , Balázs Keszegh , Cory Palmer

A Random walk labeling of a graph $G$ is any labeling of $G$ that could have been obtained by performing a random walk on $G$. Continuing two recent works, we calculate the number of random walk labelings of perfect trees, combs, and double…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-02 Sela Fried , Toufik Mansour

For a labeled tree on the vertex set $\set{1,2,\ldots,n}$, the local direction of each edge $(i\,j)$ is from $i$ to $j$ if $i<j$. For a rooted tree, there is also a natural global direction of edges towards the root. The number of edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-22 Heesung Shin , Jiang Zeng

We characterize the spectrum of the transition matrix for simple random walk on graphs consisting of a finite graph with a finite number of infinite Cayley trees attached. We show that there is a continuous spectrum identical to that for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Bergfinnur Durhuus , Thordur Jonsson , John Wheater

A Yule tree is the result of a branching process with constant birth and death rates. Such a process serves as an instructive null model of many empirical systems, for instance, the evolution of species leading to a phylogenetic tree.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-04-02 Michael Sheinman , Florian Massip , Peter F. Arndt

A random forest prediction can be computed by the scalar product of the labels of the training examples and a set of weights that are determined by the leafs of the forest into which the test object falls; each prediction can hence be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Henrik Boström

We study the fundamental question of how likely it is that two randomly chosen trees are isomorphic to each other for different models of random trees. We show that the probability decays exponentially for rooted labeled trees as well as…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Christoffer Olsson

In this paper, we focus on the prediction phase of a random forest and study the problem of representing a bag of decision trees using a smaller bag of decision trees, where we only consider binary decision problems on the binary domain and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Tatsuya Akutsu , Avraham A. Melkman , Atsuhiro Takasu

We prove cyclic sieving phenomena satisfied by corner-rooted plane trees (alias ordered trees). The sets of rooted plane trees that we consider are: (1) all trees with $n$ nodes; (2) all trees with $n$ nodes and $k$ leaves; (3) all trees…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Mireille Bousquet-Mélou , Christian Krattenthaler

A symbolic-computational algorithm, fully implemented in Maple, is described, that computes explicit expressions for generating functions that enable the efficient computations of the expectation, variance, and higher moments, of the random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-22 Andrew Lohr , Doron Zeilberger

One approach to estimating a species tree from a collection of gene trees is to first estimate probabilities of clades from the gene trees, and then to construct the species tree from the estimated clade probabilities. While a greedy…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-11-14 Elizabeth S. Allman , James H. Degnan , John A. Rhodes

We give a short and direct proof of a remarkable identity that arises in the enumeration of labeled trees with respect to their indegree sequence, where all edges are oriented from the vertex with lower label towards the vertex with higher…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-20 Stephan Wagner