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CSS codes are a subfamily of stabilizer codes especially appropriate for fault-tolerant quantum computations. A very simple method is proposed to encode a general qudit when a Calderbank-Shor-Steane quantum code, defined over a q-ary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-20 Pedro J. Salas

Homomorphic quantum error correction aims to protect quantum data against both unauthorized access and environmental noise during server-based processing. We investigate the algebraic compatibility between quantum homomorphic encryption and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Kornikar Sen , Miguel A. Martin-Delgado

We discuss a method to construct quantum codes correcting amplitude damping errors via code concatenation. The inner codes are chosen as asymmetric Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes. By concatenating with outer codes correcting symmetric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-31 Tyler Jackson , Markus Grassl , Bei Zeng

In this paper, we propose how to construct a reconciliation method for the BB84 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol. Theoretically, it is unconditionally secure because it is based on the quantum laws of physics, rather than the assumed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Nedra Benletaief , Houria Rezig , Ammar Bouallegue

Homological quantum error correction uses tools of algebraic topology and homological algebra to derive Calderbank-Shor-Steane quantum error correcting codes from cellulations of topological spaces. This work is an exploration of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Samo Novák

In recent years, quantum key distribution (QKD) has evolved from a scientific research field to a commercially available security solution, supported by mathematically formulated security proofs. However, since the knowledge required for a…

Quantum computing holds transformative potential for various fields, yet its practical application is hindered by the susceptibility to errors. This study makes a pioneering contribution by applying quantum error correction codes (QECCs)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Avimita Chatterjee , Debarshi Kundu , Swaroop Ghosh

Shor and Preskill have provided a simple proof of security of the standard quantum key distribution scheme by Bennett and Brassard (BB84) by demonstrating a connection between key distribution and entanglement purification protocols with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman , Hoi-Kwong Lo

This paper explores a new approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), relying on quantum polar codes. We consider quantum polar codes of Calderbank-Shor-Steane type, encoding one logical qubit, which we refer to as $\mathcal{Q}_1$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Ashutosh Goswami , Mehdi Mhalla , Valentin Savin

We discuss long code problems in the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol and describe how they can be overcome by concatenation of the protocol. Observing that concatenated modified Lo-Chau protocol finally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 W. -Y. Hwang , K. Matsumoto , H. Imai , J. Kim , H. -W. Lee

It is conjectured that quantum computers are able to solve certain problems more quickly than any deterministic or probabilistic computer. A quantum computer exploits the rules of quantum mechanics to speed up computations. However, it is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-08-15 Salah A. Aly

This work compares the overhead of quantum error correction with concatenated and topological quantum error-correcting codes. To perform a numerical analysis, we use the Quantum Resource Estimator Toolbox (QuRE) that we recently developed.…

Quantum error correction is necessary to perform large-scale quantum computations in the presence of noise and decoherence. As a result, several aspects of quantum error correction have already been explored. These have been primarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-05 Ariel Shlosberg , Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

Active quantum error correction using qubit stabilizer codes has emerged as a promising, but experimentally challenging, engineering program for building a universal quantum computer. In this review we consider the formalism of qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-13 Barbara M. Terhal

It is a standard result in the theory of quantum error-correcting codes that no code of length n can fix more than n/4 arbitrary errors, regardless of the dimension of the coding and encoded Hilbert spaces. However, this bound only applies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Claude Crepeau , Daniel Gottesman , Adam Smith

A conjugate code pair is defined as a pair of linear codes either of which contains the dual of the other. A conjugate code pair represents the essential structure of the corresponding Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) quantum error-correcting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Mitsuru Hamada

We present a generalization of the tilted Bell inequality for quantum [[n,k,d]] error-correcting codes and explicitly utilize the simplest perfect code, the [[5,1,3]] code, the Steane [[7,1,3]] code, and Shor's [[9,1,3]] code, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 En-Jui Kuo , Li-Yi Hsu

Noise is one of the central obstacles to building useful quantum computers, and quantum error correction (QEC) provides the framework for protecting quantum information against it. Unlike classical error correction, QEC must preserve…

In practical communication and computation systems, errors occur predominantly in adjacent positions rather than in a random manner. In this paper, we develop a stabilizer formalism for quantum burst error correction codes (QBECC) to combat…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Jihao Fan , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Hanwu Chen , He Chen , Yonghui Li

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are cryptographic techniques with security based only on the laws of quantum mechanics. Two prominent QKD schemes are the BB84 and B92 protocols that use four and two quantum states, respectively. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. -C. Boileau , K. Tamaki , J. Batuwantudawe , R. Laflamme , J. M. Renes