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An assessment is offered of the progress that the major approaches to quantum gravity have made towards the goal of constructing a complete and satisfactory theory. The emphasis is on loop quantum gravity and string theory, although other…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Lee Smolin

Loop Quantum Gravity faces challenges in constructing a well-defined Hamiltonian constraint and understanding the quantum notion of time. In this paper these issues are studied by quantizing the $U(1)^3$ model, a simplified system…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-02 Sepideh Bakhoda , Yongge Ma

In this review we discuss the interplay between discretization, constraint implementation, and diffeomorphism symmetry in Loop Quantum Gravity and Spin Foam models. To this end we review the Consistent Discretizations approach, which is an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-01-10 Benjamin Bahr , Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Pullin

The Immirzi parameter of loop quantum gravity is a one parameter ambiguity of the theory whose precise interpretation is not universally agreed upon. It is an inherent characteristic of the quantum theory as it appears in the spectra of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-07 Patrick J. Wong

Based on a recent purely geometric construction of observables for the spatial diffeomorphism constraint, we propose two distinct quantum reductions to spherical symmetry within full 3+1-dimensional loop quantum gravity. The construction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 Norbert Bodendorfer , Jerzy Lewandowski , Jedrzej Świeżewski

The closed, k=1, FRW model coupled to a massless scalar field is investigated in the framework of loop quantum cosmology using analytical and numerical methods. As in the k=0 case, the scalar field can be again used as emergent time to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Abhay Ashtekar , Tomasz Pawlowski , Parampreet Singh , Kevin Vandersloot

An important challenge in loop quantum gravity is to find semiclassical states - states that are as close to classical as quantum theory allows. This is difficult because the states in the Hilbert space used in LQG are excitations over a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-01 Hanno Sahlmann , Robert Seeger

The problem of reconciling general relativity and quantum theory has fascinated and bedeviled physicists for more than 70 years. Despite recent progress in string theory and loop quantum gravity, a complete solution remains out of reach. I…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip

Using a particular Hilbert space representation of minimum-length deformed quantum mechanics, we show that the resolution of the wave-function singularities for strongly attractive potentials, as well as cosmological singularity in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-02-19 Michael Maziashvili , Luka Megrelidze

We compute the one-loop contributions of the chronological products for massless gravity in the second order of the perturbation theory. We prove that the loop contributions are coboundaries i.e. expressions which give zero when averaged on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-15 Dan-Radu Grigore

We write down a quantum gravity equation which generalizes the Wheeler-DeWitt one in view of including a time dependence in the wave functional. The obtained equation provides a consistent canonical quantization of the 3-geometries…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Giovanni Montani

We calculate the one-loop divergences for quantum gravity with cosmological constant, using new parametrization of quantum metric. The conformal factor of the metric is treated as an independent variable. As a result the theory possesses an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-12 G. de Berredo-Peixoto , A. B. Penna-Firme , I. L. Shapiro

We study gravity coupled to a scalar field in spherical symmetry using loop quantum gravity techniques. Since this model has local degrees of freedom, one has to face ``the problem of dynamics'', that is, diffeomorphism and Hamiltonian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-19 Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Pullin , Saeed Rastgoo

There is a precise sense in which the requirement of background independence suffices to uniquely select the kinematics of loop quantum gravity (LQG). Specifically, the fundamental kinematic algebra of LQG admits a unique diffeomorphism…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-03-12 Abhay Ashtekar

After a brief introduction, basic ideas of the quantum Riemannian geometry underlying loop quantum gravity are summarized. To illustrate physical ramifications of quantum geometry, the framework is then applied to homogeneous isotropic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Abhay Ashtekar

We briefly review the most relevant aspects of complete integrability for classical systems and identify those aspects which should be present in a definition of quantum integrability. We show that a naive extension of classical concepts to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-10-08 J. Clemente-Gallardo , G. Marmo

The building blocks of a quantum theory of general relativity are expected to be discrete structures. Loop quantum gravity is formulated using a basis of spin networks (wave functions over oriented graphs with coloured edges), thus…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 Jacobo Diaz-Polo , Iñaki Garay

Physics in (canonical) quantum gravity needs to be manifestly diffeomorphism-invariant. Consequently, physical observables need to be formulated in terms of manifestly diffeomorphism-invariant operators, which are necessarily composite.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-15 Axel Maas

We give a standard introduction to loop quantum gravity, from the ADM variables to spin network states. We include a discussion on quantum geometry on a fixed graph and its relation to a discrete approximation of general relativity.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-09-21 Pietro Doná , Simone Speziale

We construct the operator that projects on the physical states in loop quantum gravity. To this aim, we consider a diffeomorphism invariant functional integral over scalar functions. The construction defines a covariant, Feynman-like,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-25 Carlo Rovelli