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Using the luminosity function and the apparent GRB rate inferred from the spectral peak energy-luminosity relation, we investigate the absolute GRB formation rate, taking into account the effects of both the jet-luminosity evolution and the…

The two leading interpretations of achromatic breaks that are observed in the light curves of GRBs afterglow are (i) the manifestation of the edge of a jet, which has a roughly uniform energy profile and a sharp edge and (ii) a line of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Rosalba Perna , Re'em Sari , Dale Frail

As the most energetic explosions in the Universe, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are commonly believed to be generated by relativistic jets. Recent observational evidence suggests that the jets producing GRBs are likely to have a structured…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-01 Jin-Da Li , He Gao , Shunke Ai , Wei-Hua Lei

There exists an inevitable scatter in intrinsic luminosity of Gamma Ray Bursts(GRBs). If there is relativistic beaming in the source, viewing angle variation necessarily introduces variation in the intrinsic luminosity function(ILF).…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-23 Shreya Banerjee , David Eichler , Dafne Guetta

Gamma-ray bursts observed in high-energies allow the investigation of the emission processes of these still puzzling events. In this study, we perform general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations to investigate GRB 090510, a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-13 Joseph Saji , Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Shubham Bhardwaj , Agnieszka Janiuk

Early shallow-decaying X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may be attributed to the dipole radiations of newly-born magnetars. Assuming that the GRB jets powered by magnetars are quasi-universal, we find that the jet structure can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-13 Wen-Jin Xie , Le Zou , Hong-Bang Liu , Shan-Qin Wang , En-Wei Liang

The nearest GRB 170817A provided an opportunity to probe the angular structure of the jet of this short gamma-ray burst (SGRB), by using its off-axis observed afterglow emission. It is investigated that whether the afterglow-constrained jet…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-27 Xiao-Feng Cao , Wei-Wei Tan , Yun-Wei Yu , Zhen-Dong Zhang

We constrain the isotropic luminosity function (LF) and formation rate of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by fitting models 'jointly' to both the observed differential peak flux and redshift distributions. We find evidence supporting an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 C. Firmani , V. Avila-Reese , G. Ghisellini , A. V. Tutukov

The jet structure in gamma-ray burst (GRB) sources is still largely an open question. The leading models invoke either (i) a roughly uniform jet with sharp edges, or (ii) a jet with a narrow core and wide wings where the energy per solid…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Jonathan Granot

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission is highly beamed, and understanding the jet geometry and beaming configuration can provide information on the poorly understood central engine and circum-burst environment. Prior to the advent of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-21 Sylvia Biscoveanu , Eric Thrane , Salvatore Vitale

We investigate the effect that the structure of GRB jets has on the afterglow light curves for observers located at different viewing angles, $\theta_{obs}$, from the jet symmetry axis. The largest uncertainty in the jet dynamics is the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Jonathan Granot , Pawan Kumar

Based on the standard energy reservoir of gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets and the relationship between peak energy ($E_p$) of $\nu F_{\nu}$ spectrum and the equivalent-isotropic energy ($E_{\rm{iso}}$), we test the GRB probability distributions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. W. Liang , X. F. Wu , Z. G. Dai

Gamma ray bursts are often modelled as jet-like outflows directed towards the observer; the cone angle of the jet is then commonly inferred from the time at which there is a steepening in the power-law decay of the afterglow. We consider an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. Rossi , D. Lazzati , M. J. Rees

The jet structure of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been controversial after the detection of GRB 170817A as the electromagnetic counterparts to the gravitational wave event GW170817. Different authors use different jet structures for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-20 Kazuya Takahashi , Kunihito Ioka

Jets in long-duration $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) have to drill through the collapsing star in order to break out of it and produce the $\gamma$-ray signal while the central engine is still active. If the breakout time is shorter for more…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-11 Maria Petropoulou , Rodolfo Barniol Duran , Dimitrios Giannios

HETE-2 has provided strong evidence that the properties of X-Ray Flashes (XRFs) and GRBs form a continuum, and therefore that these two types of bursts are the same phenomenon. We show that both the structured jet and the uniform jet models…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 D. Q. Lamb , T. Q. Donaghy , C. Graziani

After many years of speculation, recent observations have confirmed the association of gamma-ray bursts with core-collapse supernova explosions from massive stars. This association carries with it important consequences. The burst…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Lazzati , M. Begelman , G. Ghirlanda , G. Ghisellini , C. Firmani

We present a general method for testing gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet structure and carry out a comprehensive analysis about the prevalent jet structure models. According to the jet angular energy distribution, we can not only derive the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 L. Xu , X. F. Wu , Z. G. Dai

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known to be highly collimated events, and are mostly detectable when they are seen on-axis or very nearly on-axis. However, GRBs can be seen from off-axis angles, and the recent detection of a short GRB…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-03 Ruben Farinelli , Rupal Basak , Lorenzo Amati , Cristiano Guidorzi , Filippo Frontera

Exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows can reveal the angular structure of their jets. GRB jets appear to have a narrow core (of half-opening angle $\theta_c$), beyond which their kinetic energy drops as a power-law with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-28 Ramandeep Gill , Jonathan Granot