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Large language models are beginning to show steganographic capabilities. Such capabilities could allow misaligned models to evade oversight mechanisms. Yet principled methods to detect and quantify such behaviours are lacking. Classical…

We consider the problem of modeling the content structure of texts within a specific domain, in terms of the topics the texts address and the order in which these topics appear. We first present an effective knowledge-lean method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Regina Barzilay , Lillian Lee

To transcribe speech, automatic speech recognition systems use statistical methods, particularly hidden Markov model and N-gram models. Although these techniques perform well and lead to efficient systems, they approach their maximum…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Stéphane Huet , Pascale Sébillot , Guillaume Gravier

Recently perfectly secure steganographic systems have been described for a wide class of sources of covertexts. The speed of transmission of secret information for these stegosystems is proportional to the length of the covertext. In this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-01-27 Boris Ryabko , Daniil Ryabko

Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Different types of carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular ones because of their…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Ramita Maharjan , Ajay Kumar Shrestha , Rejina Basnet

Most real-world networks contain well-defined community structures where nodes are densely connected internally within communities. To learn from these networks, we develop MarkovGNN that captures the formation and evolution of communities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Md. Khaledur Rahman , Abhigya Agrawal , Ariful Azad

We explore a method of encoding secret messages using factoradic numbering of permuted lists of text or numeric elements. Encoding and decoding methods are provided, with code, and key aspects of the correctness of the methods are formally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-09 George D. Montanez

We will outline novel approaches to derive model invariants for hidden Markov and related models. These approaches are based on a theoretical framework that arises from viewing random processes as elements of the vector space of string…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-02-08 Alexander Schoenhuth

State of the art generative models of human-produced content are the focus of many recent papers that explore their use for steganographic communication. In particular, generative models of natural language text. Loosely, these works…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Luke A. Bauer , James K. Howes , Sam A. Markelon , Vincent Bindschaedler , Thomas Shrimpton

Inferring the graph structure from observed data is a key task in graph machine learning to capture the intrinsic relationship between data entities. While significant advancements have been made in learning the structure of homogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Keyue Jiang , Bohan Tang , Xiaowen Dong , Laura Toni

Steganography usually modifies cover media to embed secret data. A new steganographic approach called generative steganography (GS) has emerged recently, in which stego images (images containing secret data) are generated from secret data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Ping Wei , Sheng Li , Xinpeng Zhang , Ge Luo , Zhenxing Qian , Qing Zhou

The automated categorization (or classification) of texts into predefined categories has witnessed a booming interest in the last ten years, due to the increased availability of documents in digital form and the ensuing need to organize…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Fabrizio Sebastiani

With the explosive growth of internet and the fast communication techniques in recent years the security and the confidentiality of the sensitive data has become of prime and supreme importance and concern. To protect this data from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-07-04 Harshavardhan Kayarkar , Sugata Sanyal

Steganography is the discipline that deals with concealing the existence of secret communications. Existing research already provided several fundamentals for defining steganography and presented a multitude of hiding methods and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Steffen Wendzel

In many recent years, the programming world has been introduced about a new programming language for designing websites, it is CSS that can be be used together with HTML to develop a web interface. And now, these two programming languages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-01-11 Herman Kabetta , B. Yudi Dwiandiyanta , Suyoto

Representing structured text from complex documents typically calls for different machine learning techniques, such as language models for paragraphs and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for table extraction, which prohibits drawing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Thomas Roland Barillot , Jacob Saks , Polena Lilyanova , Edward Torgas , Yachen Hu , Yuanqing Liu , Varun Balupuri , Paul Gaskell

Steganography is the science of hiding and communicating a secret message by embedding it in an innocent looking text such that the eavesdropper is unaware of its existence. Previously, attempts were made to establish steganography using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Rohan Joshi , Akhil Gupta , Kishore Thapliyal , R Srikanth , Anirban Pathak

Recent provably secure linguistic steganography (PSLS) methods rely on mainstream autoregressive language models (ARMs) to address historically challenging tasks, that is, to disguise covert communication as ``innocuous'' natural language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yuang Qi , Na Zhao , Qiyi Yao , Benlong Wu , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Kejiang Chen

Existing linguistic steganography methods primarily rely on content transformations to conceal secret messages. However, they often cause subtle yet looking-innocent deviations between normal and stego texts, posing potential security risks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Lingyun Xiang , Chengfu Ou , Xu He , Zhongliang Yang , Yuling Liu

Image steganography is the art of concealing secret information in images in a way that is imperceptible to unauthorized parties. Recent advances show that is possible to use a fixed neural network (FNN) for secret embedding and extraction.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Zicong Luo , Sheng Li , Guobiao Li , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang