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Flying animals resort to fast, large-degree-of-freedom motion of flapping wings, a key feature that distinguishes them from rotary or fixed-winged robotic fliers with limited motion of aerodynamic surfaces. However, flapping-wing…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-08-11 Yagiz E. Bayiz , Bo Cheng

We designed and built a three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) flapping wing robot, Flapperoo, to study the aerodynamic benefits of wing folding and twisting. Forces and moments of this physical model are measured in wind tunnel tests over a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-08-29 Xiaozhou Fan , Alexander Gehrke , Kenneth Breuer

Accurate estimation of aerodynamic forces is essential for advancing the control, modeling, and design of flapping-wing aerial robots with dynamic morphing capabilities. In this paper, we investigate two distinct methodologies for force…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Bibek Gupta , Mintae Kim , Albert Park , Eric Sihite , Koushil Sreenath , Alireza Ramezani

Tried-and-true flapping wing robot simulation is essential in developing flapping wing mechanisms and algorithms. This paper presents a novel application-oriented flapping wing platform, highly compatible with various mechanical designs and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Chen Qian , Yongchun Fang , Fan jia , Jifu Yan , Yiming Liang , Tiefeng Li

Inspired by the wake-surfing nature of animals, this study aims to understand the aerodynamic force variation on a wing surfing in an unsteady 2-D wake. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and force…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-11 Siyang Hao , Kenneth Breuer

The aerial environment in the operating domain of small-scale natural and artificial flapping wing fliers is highly complex, unsteady and generally turbulent. Considering flapping flight in an unsteady wind environment with a periodically…

Aerodynamic ground effect in flapping-wing insect flight is of importance to comparative morphologies and of interest to the micro-air-vehicle (MAV) community. Recent studies, however, show apparently contradictory results of either some…

Wings of flying animals can not only generate lift and control torques but also can sense their surroundings. Such dual functions of sensing and actuation coupled in one element are particularly useful for small sized bio-inspired robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Zhan Tu , Fan Fei , Jian Zhang , Xinyan Deng

Wing flapping is one of the most widespread propulsion methods found in nature; however, the current understanding of the aerodynamics in bird wakes is incomplete. The role of the unsteady motion in the flow and its contribution to the…

Wing articulation is critical for efficient flight of bird- and bat-sized animals. Inspired by the flight of $\textit{Cynopterus brachyotis}$, the lesser short-nosed fruit bat, we built a two-degree-of-freedom flapping wing platform with…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-11-05 Xiaozhou Fan , Alberto Bortoni , Siyang Hao , Sharon Swartz , Kenneth Breuer

Insects and hummingbirds exhibit extraordinary flight capabilities and can simultaneously master seemingly conflicting goals: stable hovering and aggressive maneuvering, unmatched by small scale man-made vehicles. Flapping Wing Micro Air…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Fan Fei , Zhan Tu , Yilun Yang , Jian Zhang , Xinyan Deng

Flying animals possess highly complex physical characteristics and are capable of performing agile maneuvers using their wings. The flapping wings generate complex wake structures that influence the aerodynamic forces, which can be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Eric Sihite , Paul Ghanem , Adarsh Salagame , Alireza Ramezani

We study the role of unsteady lift in the context of flapping wings in birds' flight. Both aerodynamicists and biologists attempt to address this subject, yet it seems that the contribution of the unsteady lift still holds many open…

Ocean sampling for highly temporal phenomena, such as harmful algal blooms, necessitates a vehicle capable of fast aerial travel interspersed with an aquatic means of acquiring in-situ measurements. Vehicle platforms with this capability…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-07-27 Jacob S. Izraelevitz , Michael S. Triantafyllou

Saving energy and enhancing performance are secular preoccupations shared by both nature and human beings. In animal locomotion, flapping flyers or swimmers rely on the flexibility of their wings or body to passively increase their…

Biological Physics · Physics 2011-08-30 Sophie Ramananarivo , Ramiro Godoy-Diana , Benjamin Thiria

Flapping-wing insects, birds, and robots are thought to offset the high power cost of oscillatory wing motion by using elastic elements for energy storage and return. Insects possess highly resilient elastic regions in their flight anatomy…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-12-11 James Lynch , Jeffrey Gau , Simon Sponberg , Nick Gravish

Flapping animal flight is often modeled as a combined pitching and heaving motion in order to investigate the unsteady flow structures and resulting forces that could augment the animal's lift and propulsive capabilities. This work isolates…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-10-12 Jennifer A. Franck , Kenneth Breuer

Contrary to the stunning feats observed in birds of prey, aerial manipulation and grasping with flying robots still lack versatility and agility. Conventional approaches using rigid manipulators require precise positioning and are subject…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Samuel Ubellacker , Aaron Ray , James Bern , Jared Strader , Luca Carlone

Fluid dynamics, and flight in particular, is a domain where organisms challenge our understanding of its physics. Integrating the current knowledge of animal flight, we propose to revisit the use of live animals to study physical phenomena.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-09-17 Ariane Gayout , David Lentink

Aerial manipulation requires force-aware capabilities to enable safe and effective grasping and physical interaction. Previous works often rely on heavy, expensive force sensors unsuitable for typical quadrotor platforms, or perform…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Kenghou Hoi , Yuze Wu , Annan Ding , Junjie Wang , Anke Zhao , Chengqian Zhang , Fei Gao
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