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The emergence of generative AI models has dramatically expanded the availability and use of synthetic data across scientific, industrial, and policy domains. While these developments open new possibilities for data analysis, they also raise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-06 Ahmad Abdel-Azim , Ruoyu Wang , Xihong Lin

The success of AI models relies on the availability of large, diverse, and high-quality datasets, which can be challenging to obtain due to data scarcity, privacy concerns, and high costs. Synthetic data has emerged as a promising solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Ruibo Liu , Jerry Wei , Fangyu Liu , Chenglei Si , Yanzhe Zhang , Jinmeng Rao , Steven Zheng , Daiyi Peng , Diyi Yang , Denny Zhou , Andrew M. Dai

Differential privacy allows quantifying privacy loss resulting from accessing sensitive personal data. Repeated accesses to underlying data incur increasing loss. Releasing data as privacy-preserving synthetic data would avoid this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-10 Joonas Jälkö , Eemil Lagerspetz , Jari Haukka , Sasu Tarkoma , Antti Honkela , Samuel Kaski

The synthetic data approach to data confidentiality has been actively researched on, and for the past decade or so, a good number of high quality work on developing innovative synthesizers, creating appropriate utility measures and risk…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-11 Jingchen Hu

Many ground-breaking advancements in machine learning can be attributed to the availability of a large volume of rich data. Unfortunately, many large-scale datasets are highly sensitive, such as healthcare data, and are not widely available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 James Jordon , Alan Wilson , Mihaela van der Schaar

Recent advances in deep generative models have greatly expanded the potential to create realistic synthetic health datasets. These synthetic datasets aim to preserve the characteristics, patterns, and overall scientific conclusions derived…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Jennifer A Bartell , Sander Boisen Valentin , Anders Krogh , Henning Langberg , Martin Bøgsted

Sharing data can often enable compelling applications and analytics. However, more often than not, valuable datasets contain information of a sensitive nature, and thus, sharing them can endanger the privacy of users and organizations. A…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Emiliano De Cristofaro

Most statistical agencies release randomly selected samples of Census microdata, usually with sample fractions under 10% and with other forms of statistical disclosure control (SDC) applied. An alternative to SDC is data synthesis, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Claire Little , Mark Elliot , Richard Allmendinger

Individual-level data (microdata) that characterizes a population, is essential for studying many real-world problems. However, acquiring such data is not straightforward due to cost and privacy constraints, and access is often limited to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Angeela Acharya , Siddhartha Sikdar , Sanmay Das , Huzefa Rangwala

Sensitive datasets are often underutilized in research and industry due to privacy concerns, limiting the potential of valuable data-driven insights. Synthetic data generation presents a promising solution to address this challenge by…

Computation · Statistics 2026-01-27 Ali Furkan Kalay

Data stewards seeking to provide access to large-scale social science data face a difficult challenge. They have to share data in ways that protect privacy and confidentiality, are informative for many analyses and purposes, and are…

As more tech companies engage in rigorous economic analyses, we are confronted with a data problem: in-house papers cannot be replicated due to use of sensitive, proprietary, or private data. Readers are left to assume that the obscured…

General Economics · Economics 2020-11-10 Allison Koenecke , Hal Varian

This paper provides a detailed survey of synthetic data techniques. We first discuss the expected goals of using synthetic data in data augmentation, which can be divided into four parts: 1) Improving Diversity, 2) Data Balancing, 3)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hsin-Yu Chang , Pei-Yu Chen , Tun-Hsiang Chou , Chang-Sheng Kao , Hsuan-Yun Yu , Yen-Ting Lin , Yun-Nung Chen

Synthetic data is emerging as a cost-effective solution necessary to meet the increasing data demands of AI development, created either from existing knowledge or derived from real data. The traditional classification of synthetic data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Vibeke Binz Vallevik , Serena Elizabeth Marshall , Aleksandar Babic , Jan Franz Nygaard

Within the evolving landscape of deep learning, the dilemma of data quantity and quality has been a long-standing problem. The recent advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a data-centric solution to alleviate the limitations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Lin Long , Rui Wang , Ruixuan Xiao , Junbo Zhao , Xiao Ding , Gang Chen , Haobo Wang

Several official statistics agencies release synthetic data as public use microdata files. In practice, synthetic data do not admit accurate results for every analysis. Thus, it is beneficial for agencies to provide users with feedback on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Tong Lin , Jerome P. Reiter

Generating synthetic data through generative models is gaining interest in the ML community and beyond. In the past, synthetic data was often regarded as a means to private data release, but a surge of recent papers explore how its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Boris van Breugel , Mihaela van der Schaar

Differentially private data generation techniques have become a promising solution to the data privacy challenge -- it enables sharing of data while complying with rigorous privacy guarantees, which is essential for scientific progress in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Dingfan Chen , Raouf Kerkouche , Mario Fritz

Exploiting the recent advancements in artificial intelligence, showcased by ChatGPT and DALL-E, in real-world applications necessitates vast, domain-specific, and publicly accessible datasets. Unfortunately, the scarcity of such datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Cyril Picard , Jürg Schiffmann , Faez Ahmed

Background: High-level system testing of applications that use data from e-Government services as input requires test data that is real-life-like but where the privacy of personal information is guaranteed. Applications with such strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Maj-Annika Tammisto , Faiz Ali Shah , Daniel Rodriguez , Dietmar Pfahl