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We discuss the polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves imprinted in cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. The high-energy physics motivated by superstring theory or M-theory generically yield parity violating…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Shun Saito , Kiyotomo Ichiki , Atsushi Taruya

Gravitational waves from inflation induce polarization patterns in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). It is known that there are only two types of non-Gaussianities of the gravitaional waves in the most general scalar field theories…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 Hiroaki W. H. Tahara , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

We study the degree to which the cosmic microwave background (CMB) can be used to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity involving one tensor and two scalar fluctuations, focusing on the correlation of one polarization $B$ mode with two…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-15 P. Daniel Meerburg , Joel Meyers , Alex van Engelen , Yacine Ali-Haïmoud

The primordial B-modes component of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization is a promising experimental dataset to probe the inflationary paradigm. B-modes are indeed a direct consequence of the presence of gravitational waves in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-28 Alessandro Manzotti

The search for primordial gravitational waves is a central goal of cosmic microwave background (CMB) surveys. Isolating the characteristic $B$-mode polarization signal sourced by primordial gravitational waves is challenging for several…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Eric Guzman , Joel Meyers

We reevaluate the predictions of inflation regarding primordial gravity waves, which should appear as B-modes in the CMB, in light of the fact that the standard inflationary paradigm is unable to account for the transition from an initially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-22 Gabriel León , Abhishek Majhi , Elias Okon , Daniel Sudarsky

Distortions in the primordial cosmic microwave background (CMB) along the line-of-sight can be modeled and described using 11 fields. These distortion fields correspond to various cosmological signals such as weak gravitational lensing of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 Amit P. S. Yadav , Meng Su , Matias Zaldarriaga

The BICEP/$\textit{Keck}$ (BK) series of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments has, over the past decade and a half, produced a series of field-leading constraints on cosmic inflation via measurements of the "B-mode"…

In the standard model of cosmology (SMC) the B-mode polarization of the CMB can be explained by the gravitational effects in the inflation epoch. However, this is not the only way to explain the B-mode polarization for the CMB. It can be…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-05-31 S. Batebi , M. Haghighat , R. Mohammadi , S. Tizchang

If the B-mode signal in the CMB polarization seen by the BICEP2 experiment is confirmed, it has dramatic implications for models of inflation. The result is also in tension with Planck limits on standard inflationary models. It is therefore…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-20 Camille Bonvin , Ruth Durrer , Roy Maartens

We investigate the implications for inflation of the detection of B-modes polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) by BICEP2. We show that the hypothesis of primordial origin of the measurement is only favored by the first four…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-30 Jerome Martin , Christophe Ringeval , Roberto Trotta , Vincent Vennin

We discuss whether an unaccounted contribution to the Cosmic Microwave Background polarization $B$-mode by primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) can bias future constraints on inflationary gravitational waves. As a case-study, we consider a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-05 Fabrizio Renzi , Giovanni Cabass , Eleonora Di Valentino , Alessandro Melchiorri , Luca Pagano

In forthcoming years, connections between cosmology and particle physics will be made increasingly important with the advent of a new generation of cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. Here, we review a number of these links. Our…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Marc Kamionkowski , Arthur Kosowsky

The recently detected polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) holds the potential for revealing the physics of inflation and gravitationally mapping the large-scale structure of the universe, if so called B-mode signals below…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-12 Wayne Hu , Matthew M. Hedman , Matias Zaldarriaga

The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) is an invaluable probe of the conditions of the early universe. Recent measurements of its spatial anisotropy have allowed accurate determinations of several fundamental cosmological…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 Christopher O'Dell

Measuring the imprint of primordial gravitational waves in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarisation field is one of the main goals in modern cosmology. However, the so called $B$-mode polarisation can be generated by different…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-22 Larissa Santos , Wen Zhao

[Abridged] The polarization of the CMB is widely recognized as a potential source of information about primordial gravitational waves. The gravitational wave contribution can be separated from the dominant CMB polarization created by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Christopher M. Hirata , Abraham Loeb , Niayesh Afshordi

The detection of primordial gravitational waves in Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode polarization observations requires accurate and robust subtraction of astrophysical contamination. We show, using a blind Spectral Matching Independent…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-26 Alexander Steier , Shamik Ghosh , Jacques Delabrouille

Recent B-mode polarization observation seems to imply the tensor tilt $n_T\gtrsim 1$ at large angular scale, if the primordial signal is dominated. We show that for a primordial universe, which is in a slowly expanding genesis phase before…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Zhi-Guo Liu , Hong Li , Yun-Song Piao