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Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are often tested in simulation to estimate the probability they will violate safety specifications. Two common issues arise when using existing techniques to produce this estimation: If violations occur rarely,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Craig Innes , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Existing variance reduction techniques used in stochastic simulations for rare event analysis still require a substantial number of model evaluations to estimate small failure probabilities. In the context of complex, nonlinear finite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Liuyun Xu , Seymour M. J. Spence

Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods are a class of techniques to sample approximately from any sequence of probability distributions using a combination of importance sampling and resampling steps. This paper is concerned with the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-05 Pierre Del Moral , Arnaud Doucet , Ajay Jasra

This paper extends the Multilevel Monte Carlo variance reduction technique to nonlinear filtering. In particular, Multilevel Monte Carlo is applied to a certain variant of the particle filter, the Ensemble Transform Particle Filter. A key…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-02-24 Alastair Gregory , Colin Cotter , Sebastian Reich

In this paper a variant of the classical hierarchical cluster analysis is reported. This agglomerative (bottom-up) cluster technique is referred to as the Adaptive Mean-Linkage Algorithm. It can be interpreted as a linkage algorithm where…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-02-10 H. M. de Oliveira

In this paper, we aim to compute numerical approximation integral by using an adaptive Monte Carlo algorithm. We propose a stratified sampling algorithm based on an iterative method which splits the strata following some quantities called…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-07-22 Toni Sayah

The Multilevel Monte Carlo method is an efficient variance reduction technique. It uses a sequence of coarse approximations to reduce the computational cost in uncertainty quantification applications. The method is nowadays often considered…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-06-15 Pieterjan Robbe , Dirk Nuyens , Stefan Vandewalle

Considering the issue of estimating small probabilities p, ie. measuring a rare domain F = {x | g(x) > q} with respect to the distribution of a random vector X, Multilevel Splitting strategies (also called Subset Simulation) aim at writing…

Computation · Statistics 2015-09-10 Clément Walter

The Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) approach usually works well when estimating the expected value of a quantity which is a Lipschitz function of intermediate quantities, but if it is a discontinuous function it can lead to a much slower…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Michael B Giles

This paper considers the problem of optimizing the average tracking error for an elliptic partial differential equation with an uncertain lognormal diffusion coefficient. In particular, the application of the multilevel quasi-Monte Carlo…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Philipp A. Guth , Andreas Van Barel

We define optimal per-particle fluctuation and correlation measures, relate fluctuations and correlations through an integral equation and show how to invert that equation to obtain precise autocorrelations from fluctuation scale…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Duncan J Prindle , Thomas A Trainor

Sequential Monte Carlo methods, also known as particle methods, are a popular set of techniques for approximating high-dimensional probability distributions and their normalizing constants. These methods have found numerous applications in…

Computation · Statistics 2021-06-23 Jeremy Heng , Adrian N. Bishop , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Adaptive multilevel splitting algorithms have been introduced rather recently for estimating tail distributions in a fast and efficient way. In particular, they can be used for computing the so-called reactive trajectories corresponding to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-12-25 Joran Rolland , Eric Simonnet

Auxiliary variable methods such as the Parallel Tempering and the cluster Monte Carlo methods generate samples that follow a target distribution by using proposal and auxiliary distributions. In sampling from complex distributions, these…

Computation · Statistics 2012-07-16 Takamitsu Araki , Kazushi Ikeda

Multi-fidelity Monte Carlo (MFMC) is a variance reduction method that leverages a multi-fidelity ensemble of models of varying cost and accuracy levels. Constructing an MFMC estimator with optimal variance requires knowledge of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-25 Michael Stanley , Thomas Coons , Geoffrey Bomarito , Patrick Leser , Joshua Pribe , James Warner

Split conformal prediction is a computationally efficient method for performing distribution-free predictive inference in regression. It involves, however, a one-time random split of the data, and the result depends on the particular split.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-22 Aldo Solari , Vera Djordjilović

In this work we present a clustering technique called \textit{multi-level conformal clustering (MLCC)}. The technique is hierarchical in nature because it can be performed at multiple significance levels which yields greater insight into…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-25 Ilia Nouretdinov , James Gammerman , Matteo Fontana , Daljit Rehal

In this paper the filtering of partially observed diffusions, with discrete-time observations, is considered. It is assumed that only biased approximations of the diffusion can be obtained, for choice of an accuracy parameter indexed by…

Computation · Statistics 2015-10-19 Ajay Jasra , Kengo Kamatani , Kody J. H. Law , Yan Zhou

The Adaptive Multilevel Splitting (AMS) algorithm is a powerful and versatile method for the simulation of rare events. It is based on an interacting (via a mutation-selection procedure) system of replicas, and depends on two integer…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-25 Charles-Edouard Bréhier

In this article, we present a review of the recent developments on the topic of Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) algorithm, in the paradigm of applications in financial engineering. We specifically focus on the recent studies conducted in two…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-09-30 Devang Sinha , Siddhartha P. Chakrabarty