Related papers: Evolved stars with complex atmospheres - the high …

The mid-infrared spectral region provides a unique window into the atmospheric temperature, chemistry, and dynamics of the giant planets. From more than a century of mid-infrared remote sensing, progressively clearer pictures of the…

Oscillation modes with a mixed character, as observed in evolved low-mass stars, are highly sensitive to the physical properties of the innermost regions. Measuring their properties is therefore extremely important to probe the core, but…

Red supergiants (RSGs) are an evolved stage in the life of intermediate massive stars (<25Mo). For many years their location in the H-R diagram was at variance with the evolutionary models. Using the MARCS stellar atmosphere models, we have…

When low- and intermediate-mass stars evolve off the main sequence, they expand and cool into the red giant stages of evolution, which include those associated with shell H burning (the red giant branch), core He burning (the red clump),…

Thanks to significant improvements in high-resolution spectrographs and the launch of dedicated space missions MOST, CoRoT and Kepler, the number of subgiants and red-giant stars with detected oscillations has increased significantly over…

Cool red giants and supergiants are among the most complex and fascinating stars in the Universe. They are bright and large, and thus can be observed to enormous distances allowing us to study the properties of their host galaxies, such as…

Context. Observations and analysis of solar-type oscillations in red-giant stars is an emerging aspect of asteroseismic analysis with a number of open questions yet to be explored. Although stochastic oscillations have previously been…

Evolved stars dominate galactic spectra, enrich the galactic medium, expand to change their planetary systems, eject winds of a complex nature, produce spectacular nebulae and illuminate them, and transfer material between binary…

The key to understanding an extrasolar giant planet's spectrum--and hence its detectability and evolution--lies with its atmosphere. Now that direct observations of thermal emission from extrasolar giant planets are in hand, atmosphere…

The CoRoT mission has provided thousands of red-giant light curves. The analysis of their solar-like oscillations allows us to characterize their stellar properties. Up to now, the global seismic parameters of the pressure modes remain…

Rotation plays a key role in stellar structure and its evolution. Through transport processes which induce rotational mixing of chemical species and the redistribution of angular momentum, internal stellar rotation influences the…

Very massive stars (VMS) dominate the light of young stellar populations and are sources of intense stellar feedback. Their evolution is mainly driven by strong wind mass loss, yet current evolution models make simplistic assumptions on…

The detection of oscillations with a mixed character in subgiants and red giants allows us to probe the physical conditions in their cores. With these mixed modes, we aim at determining seismic markers of stellar evolution. Kepler…

We present the results of realistic, 3D, hydrodynamical, simulations of surface convection in red giant stars with varying effective temperatures and metallicities. We use the convection simulations as time-dependent, hydrodynamical, model…

B[e] Supergiants are a phase in the evolution of some massive stars for which we have observational evidence but no predictions by any stellar evolution model. The mass-loss during this phase creates a complex circumstellar environment with…

Observations of red (G-K)-giant stars with the CoRoT satellite provide unprecedented information on the stochastically excited oscillations in these stars. The long time series of nearly uninterrupted high-cadence and high-precision…

Stars between about 4 and 25 solar masses spend a significant fraction of their post-main sequence lifetime as red supergiants (RSGs) and lose material via stellar winds during this period. For RSGs more massive than 10 solar masses, this…

We summarize some of the compelling new scientific opportunities for understanding stars and stellar systems that can be enabled by sub-milliarcsec (sub-mas) angular resolution, UV-Optical spectral imaging observations, which can reveal the…

Pulsation influences atmospheric structures of variable AGB stars (Miras) considerably. Spectral lines of the CO dv=3 vibration-rotation bands (at 1.6mue) therefore have a very characteristic appearance in time series of high-resolution…

Robust age estimates of red giant stars are now possible thanks to the precise inference of their mass based on asteroseismic constraints. However, there are cases where such age estimates can be highly precise yet very inaccurate. An…