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We study the problem of generating, ranking and unranking of unlabeled ordered trees whose nodes have maximum degree of $\Delta$. This class of trees represents a generalization of chemical trees. A chemical tree is an unlabeled tree in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-08-22 Mahdi Amani , Abbas Nowzari-Dalini

We define the class of explorable automata on finite or infinite words. This is a generalization of History-Deterministic (HD) automata, where this time non-deterministic choices can be resolved by building finitely many simultaneous runs…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Emile Hazard , Olivier Idir , Denis Kuperberg

Decision trees are widely used for interpretable machine learning due to their clearly structured reasoning process. However, this structure belies a challenge we refer to as predictive equivalence: a given tree's decision boundary can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Hayden McTavish , Zachery Boner , Jon Donnelly , Margo Seltzer , Cynthia Rudin

Using Machine Learning systems in the real world can often be problematic, with inexplicable black-box models, the assumed certainty of imperfect measurements, or providing a single classification instead of a probability distribution. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Jonathan S. Kent , David H. Menager

Students find their first course in Formal Languages and Automata Theory challenging. In addition to the development of formal arguments, most students struggle to understand nondeterministic computation models. In part, the struggle stems…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Oliwia Kempinski , Marco T. Morazán

Stochastic automata are a formal compositional model for concurrent stochastic timed systems, with general distributions and non-deterministic choices. Measures of interest are defined over schedulers that resolve the nondeterminism. In…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Pedro R. D'Argenio , Marcus Gerhold , Arnd Hartmanns , Sean Sedwards

In this paper we revisit Safra's determinization constructions for automata on infinite words. We show how to construct deterministic automata with fewer states and, most importantly, parity acceptance conditions. Determinization is used in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Nir Piterman

We introduce a novel interpretable tree based algorithm for prediction in a regression setting. Our motivation is to estimate the unknown regression function from a functional decomposition perspective in which the functional components…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-04 Munir Hiabu , Enno Mammen , Joseph T. Meyer

This work addresses the problem of computing measures of recognisable sets of infinite trees. An algorithm is provided to compute the probability measure of a tree language recognisable by a weak alternating automaton, or equivalently…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Damian Niwiński , Marcin Przybyłko , Michał Skrzypczak

We introduce layered automata, a subclass of alternating parity automata that generalises deterministic automata. Assuming a consistency property, these automata are history deterministic and 0-1 probabilistic. We show that every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Antonio Casares , Christof Löding , Igor Walukiewicz

We explore language semantics for automata combining probabilistic and nondeterministic behavior. We first show that there are precisely two natural semantics for probabilistic automata with nondeterminism. For both choices, we show that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Gerco van Heerdt , Justin Hsu , Joël Ouaknine , Alexandra Silva

Given an $\mathbb{N}$-weighted tree automaton, we give a decision procedure for exponential vs polynomial growth (with respect to the input size) in quadratic time, and an algorithm that computes the exact polynomial degree of growth in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Paul Gallot , Nathan Lhote , Lê Thành Dũng Nguyên

Random forests are decision tree ensembles that can be used to solve a variety of machine learning problems. However, as the number of trees and their individual size can be large, their decision making process is often incomprehensible. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Nico Potyka , Xiang Yin , Francesca Toni

We prove that the isomorphism of scattered tree automatic linear orders as well as the existence of automorphisms of scattered word automatic linear orders are undecidable. For the existence of automatic automorphisms of word automatic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-26 Dietrich Kuske

We introduce a measure called width, quantifying the amount of nondeterminism in automata. Width generalises the notion of good-for-games (GFG) automata, that correspond to NFAs of width 1, and where an accepting run can be built on-the-fly…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Denis Kuperberg , Anirban Majumdar

Automata with monitor counters, where the transitions do not depend on counter values, and nested weighted automata are two expressive automata-theoretic frameworks for quantitative properties. For a well-studied and wide class of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Jan Otop

An automaton is universal if it accepts every possible input. We study the notion of u-universality, which asserts that the automaton accepts every input starting with u. Universality and u-universality are both EXPTIME-hard for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-15 Véronique Bruyère , Marc Ducobu , Olivier Gauwin

We consider network design problems with deadline or delay. All previous results for these models are based on randomized embedding of the graph into a tree (HST) and then solving the problem on this tree. We show that this is not…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Yossi Azar , Noam Touitou

We introduce the class of tree constraint automata with data values in Z (equipped with the less than relation and equality predicates to constants) and we show that the nonemptiness problem is ExpTime-complete. Using an automata-based…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Stephane Demri , Karin Quaas

Classification of datasets into two or more distinct classes is an important machine learning task. Many methods are able to classify binary classification tasks with a very high accuracy on test data, but cannot provide any easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Yashesh Dhebar , Sparsh Gupta , Kalyanmoy Deb