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Open-world machine learning is an emerging technique in artificial intelligence, where conventional machine learning models often follow closed-world assumptions, which can hinder their ability to retain previously learned knowledge for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jitendra Parmar , Praveen Singh Thakur

A popular method for solving reachability in timed automata proceeds by enumerating reachable sets of valuations represented as zones. A na\"ive enumeration of zones does not terminate. Various termination mechanisms have been studied over…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Paul Gastin , Sayan Mukherjee , B Srivathsan

We investigate the (non)-existence of universal automata for some classes of automata, such as finite automata and pushdown automata, and in particular the influence of the representation and encoding function. An alternative approach,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-08-01 Manfred Kudlek

We present abstraction-refinement algorithms for model checking safety properties of timed automata. The abstraction domain we consider abstracts away zones by restricting the set of clock constraints that can be used to define them, while…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Victor Roussanaly , Ocan Sankur , Nicolas Markey

A specification theory combines notions of specifications and implementations with a satisfaction relation, a refinement relation and a set of operators supporting stepwise design. We develop a complete specification framework for real-time…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Martijn A. Goorden , Kim G. Larsen , Axel Legay , Florian Lorber , Ulrik Nyman , Andrzej Wasowski

A clock is, from an information-theoretic perspective, a system that emits information about time. One may therefore ask whether the theory of information imposes any constraints on the maximum precision of clocks. Here we show a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-28 Mischa P. Woods , Ralph Silva , Gilles Pütz , Sandra Stupar , Renato Renner

Automata learning is a technique that has successfully been applied in verification, with the automaton type varying depending on the application domain. Adaptations of automata learning algorithms for increasingly complex types of automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Gerco van Heerdt , Matteo Sammartino , Alexandra Silva

We extend the classical Stallings theory (describing subgroups of free groups as automata) to direct products of free and abelian groups: after introducing enriched automata (i.e., automata with extra abelian labels), we obtain an explicit…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Jordi Delgado , Enric Ventura

Automata admitting at most one accepting run per structure, known as unambiguous automata, find applications in verification of reactive systems as they extend the class of deterministic automata whilst maintaining some of their desirable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Anton Chernev , Corina Cîrstea , Helle Hvid Hansen , Clemens Kupke

Choreography automata are an automata-based model of choreographies, that we show to be a compositional one. Choreography automata represent global views of choreographies (and rely on the well-known model of communicating finite-state…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Franco Barbanera , Ivan Lanese , Emilio Tuosto

Parametric timed automata (PTA) are a powerful formalism to model and reason about concurrent systems with some unknown timing delays. In this paper, we address the (untimed) language- and trace-preservation problems: given a reference…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Étienne André , Didier Lime , Nicolas Markey

We report some further developments regarding the language theory of higher-dimensional automata (HDAs). Regular languages of HDAs are sets of finite interval partially ordered multisets (pomsets) with interfaces. We show a pumping lemma…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Amazigh Amrane , Hugo Bazille , Uli Fahrenberg , Krzysztof Ziemiański

We introduce the notion of multipass automata as a generalization of pushdown automata and study the classes of languages accepted by such machines. The class of languages accepted by deterministic multipass automata is exactly the Boolean…

We introduce a new geometric tool for analyzing groups of finite automata. To each finite automaton we associate a square complex. The square complex is covered by a product of two trees iff the automaton is bi-reversible. Using this method…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yair Glasner , Shahar Mozes

A deterministic finite (semi)automaton is primitive if its transition monoid (semigroup) acting on the set of states has no non-trivial congruences. It is synchronizing if it contains a constant map (transformation). In analogy to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Igor Rystsov , Marek Szykuła

Analogous to regular string and tree languages, regular languages of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are defined in the literature. Although called regular, those DAG-languages are more powerful and, consequently, standard problems have a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yvo Ad Meeres

While the complexity of translating future linear temporal logic (LTL) into automata on infinite words is well-understood, the size increase involved in turning automata back to LTL is not. In particular, there is no known elementary bound…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Udi Boker , Karoliina Lehtinen , Salomon Sickert

Causal Graph Dynamics extend Cellular Automata to arbitrary, bounded-degree, time-varying graphs. The whole graph evolves in discrete time steps, and this global evolution is required to have a number of physics-like symmetries:…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Pablo Arrighi , Simon Martiel , Simon Perdrix

Event-clock automata (ECA) are a well-known semantic subclass of timed automata (TA) which enjoy admirable theoretical properties, e.g., determinizability, and are practically useful to capture timed specifications. However, unlike for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-07 S Akshay , Paul Gastin , R Govind , B Srivathsan

We establish the equivalence between a class of asynchronous distributed automata and a small fragment of least fixpoint logic, when restricted to finite directed graphs. More specifically, the logic we consider is (a variant of) the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Fabian Reiter