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A monotone drawing of a planar graph $G$ is a planar straight-line drawing of $G$ where a monotone path exists between every pair of vertices of $G$ in some direction. Recently monotone drawings of planar graphs have been proposed as a new…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-10-24 Md. Iqbal Hossain , Md. Saidur Rahman

Let $G$ be a planar $3$-graph (i.e., a planar graph with vertex degree at most three) with $n$ vertices. We present the first $O(n^2)$-time algorithm that computes a planar orthogonal drawing of $G$ with the minimum number of bends in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Walter Didimo , Giuseppe Liotta , Maurizio Patrignani

A drawing of a graph in the plane is {\it pseudolinear} if the edges of the drawing can be extended to doubly-infinite curves that form an arrangement of pseudolines, that is, any pair of edges crosses precisely once. A special case are…

We prove that if an $n$-vertex graph $G$ can be drawn in the plane such that each pair of crossing edges is independent and there is a crossing-free edge that connects their endpoints, then $G$ has $O(n)$ edges. Graphs that admit such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-31 Eyal Ackerman , Balázs Keszegh , Mate Vizer

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is called 1-planar if it admits a drawing in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once. In this paper, we study bipartite $1$-planar graphs with prescribed numbers of vertices in partite sets. Bipartite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-05 Július Czap , Jakub Przybyło , Erika Škrabuľáková

A graph is near-planar if it can be obtained from a planar graph by adding an edge. We show the surprising fact that it is NP-hard to compute the crossing number of near-planar graphs. A graph is 1-planar if it has a drawing where every…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-03-28 Sergio Cabello , Bojan Mohar

It is proved that every series-parallel digraph whose maximum vertex-degree is $\Delta$ admits an upward planar drawing with at most one bend per edge such that each edge segment has one of $\Delta$ distinct slopes. This is shown to be…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Emilio Di Giacomo , Giuseppe Liotta , Fabrizio Montecchiani

A \emph{$k$-planar graph} is a graph that can be drawn in the plane such that every edge is crossed at most $k$ times. For $k \leq 4$, Pach and T\'oth proved a bound of $(k+3)(n-2)$ on the total number of edges of a $k$-planar graph, which…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Chrysanthi N. Raftopoulou

A planar orthogonal drawing {\Gamma} of a connected planar graph G is a geometric representation of G such that the vertices are drawn as distinct points of the plane, the edges are drawn as chains of horizontal and vertical segments, and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Walter Didimo , Giuseppe Liotta , Giacomo Ortali , Maurizio Patrignani

Edge bundling is an important concept heavily used for graph visualization purposes. To enable the comparison with other established near-planarity models in graph drawing, we formulate a new edge-bundling model which is inspired by the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Patrizio Angelini , Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Philipp Kindermann , Thomas Schneck

A graph is called a $k$-planar unit distance graph if it can be drawn in the plane such that every edge is a unit line segment and is involved in at most $k$ crossings. We investigate $u_k(n)$, the maximum number of edges of such graphs on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Panna Gehér , Dömötör Pálvölgyi , Dániel G. Simon , Géza Tóth

In a planar confluent orthogonal drawing (PCOD) of a directed graph (digraph) vertices are drawn as points in the plane and edges as orthogonal polylines starting with a vertical segment and ending with a horizontal segment. Edges may…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Sabine Cornelsen , Gregor Diatzko

A bipartite graph $G = (X \cup Y, E)$ is a 2-layer $k$-planar graph if it admits a drawing on the plane such that the vertices in $X$ and $Y$ are placed on two parallel lines respectively, edges are drawn as straight-line segments, and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yuto Okada

A graph is 1-planar if it admits a drawing in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once. Let G be a bipartite 1-planar graph with partite sets X and Y. A 1-disk OX drawing of G is a 1-planar drawing such that all vertices of X…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Guiping Wang

A graph is called 1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that each of its edges is crossed by at most one other edge. In this paper we decompose the set of all 1-planar graphs into three classes $\mathcal C_0, \mathcal C_1$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-16 Július Czap , Peter Šugerek

We describe a set of $\Delta -1$ slopes that are universal for 1-bend planar drawings of planar graphs of maximum degree $\Delta \geq 4$; this establishes a new upper bound of $\Delta-1$ on the 1-bend planar slope number. By universal we…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Patrizio Angelini , Michael A. Bekos , Giuseppe Liotta , Fabrizio Montecchiani

Let $C_{s,t}$ be the complete bipartite geometric graph, with $s$ and $t$ vertices on two distinct parallel lines respectively, and all $s t$ straight-line edges drawn between them. In this paper, we show that every complete bipartite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Balázs Keszegh , Andrew Suk , Gábor Tardos , Ji Zeng

A rectangular drawing of a planar graph $G$ is a planar drawing of $G$ in which vertices are mapped to grid points, edges are mapped to horizontal and vertical straight-line segments, and faces are drawn as rectangles. Sometimes this latter…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Carlos Alegria , Giordano Da Lozzo , Giuseppe Di Battista , Fabrizio Frati , Fabrizio Grosso , Maurizio Patrignani

It is shown that every $n$-vertex graph that admits a 2-bend RAC drawing in the plane, where the edges are polylines with two bends per edge and any pair of edges can only cross at a right angle, has at most $20n-24$ edges for $n\geq 3$.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Csaba D. Tóth

A plane graph is rectilinear planar if it admits an embedding-preserving straight-line drawing where each edge is either horizontal or vertical. We prove that rectilinear planarity testing can be solved in optimal $O(n)$ time for any plane…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Walter Didimo , Michael Kaufmann , Giuseppe Liotta , Giacomo Ortali