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In the hidden Markov process, there is a possibility that two different transition matrices for hidden and observed variables yield the same stochastic behavior for the observed variables. Since such two transition matrices cannot be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Masahito Hayashi

We study nondifferentiable metrics occuring in general relativity via the method of equivalence of Cartan adapted to the Courant algebroids. We derive new local differential invariants naturally associated with the loci of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-10-06 Alexander Golubev

Geometric methods have useful application for solving problems in a range of quantum information disciplines, including the synthesis of time-optimal unitaries in quantum control. In particular, the use of Cartan decompositions to solve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Elija Perrier , Christopher S. Jackson

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the superiority of Cartan's method over direct methods based on differential elimination for handling otherwise intractable equivalence problems. In this sens, using our implementation of Cartan's…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-08-09 S. Neut , M. Petitot , R. Dridi

We apply Cartan's method of equivalence to construct invariants of a given null hypersurface in a Lorentzian space-time. This enables us to fully classify the internal geometry of such surfaces and hence solve the local equivalence problem…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Paweł Nurowski , David C. Robinson

We investigate the local geometry of a pair of independent contact structures on 3-manifolds under maps that independently preserve each contact structure. We discover that such maps are homotheties on the contact 1-forms and we discover…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-05-22 Taylor J. Klotz , George R. Wilkens

We investigate the relation between Cartan decompositions of the unitary group and discrete quantum symmetries. To every Cartan decomposition there corresponds a quantum symmetry which is the identity when applied twice. As an application,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Domenico D'Alessandro , Francesca Albertini

We study the contact geometry of scalar second order hyperbolic equations in the plane of generic type. Following a derivation of parametrized contact-invariants to distinguish Monge-Ampere (class 6-6), Goursat (class 6-7) and generic…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-09-09 Dennis The

Kundt waves belong to the class of spacetimes which are not distinguished by their scalar curvature invariants. We address the equivalence problem for the metrics in this class via scalar differential invariants with respect to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-31 Boris Kruglikov , David McNutt , Eivind Schneider

Compatibility of symmetric quantization of the Dirac equation in a curved space with general covariance gives a special representation of the spin connections in which their dot product with the Dirac gamma matrices becomes equal to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-03 A. D. Alhaidari

We apply Cartan's method of equivalence to find a contact integrable extension for the structure equations of the symmetry pseudo-group of the four-dimensional Martinez Alonso - Shabat equation. From the extension we derive two differential…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-06-17 Oleg I. Morozov

The linearization problem by use of the Cartan equivalence method for scalar third-order ODEs via point transformations was solved partially in [1,2]. In order to solve this problem completely, the Cartan equivalence method is applied to…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-11-14 Ahmad Y. Al-Dweik , M. T. Mustafa , F. M. Mahomed , R. S. Alassar

We demonstrate that integrable abelian vortex equations on constant curvature Riemann surfaces can be reinterpreted as flat non-abelian Cartan connections. By lifting to three dimensional group manifolds we find higher dimensional analogues…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-08-17 Calum Ross

A complete group classification of a class of variable coefficient (1+1)-dimensional telegraph equations $f(x)u_{tt}=(H(u)u_x)_x+K(u)u_x$, is given, by using a compatibility method and additional equivalence transformations. A number of new…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ding-jiang Huang , Nataliya M. Ivanova

In the present paper we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for two ordinary differential equations of the form $y"{}^2+A(x,y,y') y"+B(x,y,y')=0$ to be equivalent under the action of the pseudogroup of contact transformations.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-02-26 Vadim V. Shurygin

In this paper, we classify space-time curves up to Galilean group of transformations with Cartan's method of equivalence. As an aim, we elicit invariats from action of special Galilean group on space-time curves, that are, in fact,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-11-14 Mehdi Nadjafikhah , Ali Mahdipour Shirayeh

We apply the Cartan equivalence method to the study of real analytic second order ODEs under the local real analytic diffeomorphism of $\C^2$ which are area-preserving. This enables us to give a characterization of the second order ODEs…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-10-11 Oumar Wone

We present an extension of K-P time-optimal quantum control solutions using global Cartan $KAK$ decompositions for geodesic-based solutions. Extending recent time-optimal constant-$\theta$ control results, we integrate Cartan methods into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Elija Perrier

We propose a numerical solution to the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation using a Crank-Nicolson scheme, and compare its performance to the Fast Fourier Transform method. The properties and interactions of soliton solutions are further…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2025-10-12 G. Bueno , M. Bonehill

Equivalence transformations play one of the important roles in continuum mechanics. These transformations reduce the original equations to simpler forms. One of the classes of nonlocal equivalence transformations is the class of reciprocal…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 P. Siriwat , S. V. Meleshko