English
Related papers

Related papers: Interpreting Tree Ensembles with inTrees

200 papers

Decision trees and random forest remain highly competitive for classification on medium-sized, standard datasets due to their robustness, minimal preprocessing requirements, and interpretability. However, a single tree suffers from high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Cencheng Shen , Yuexiao Dong , Carey E. Priebe

Prediction rule ensembles (PREs) are a relatively new statistical learning method, which aim to strike a balance between predictive accuracy and interpretability. Starting from a decision tree ensemble, like a boosted tree ensemble or a…

Applications · Statistics 2023-10-02 Marjolein Fokkema , Carolin Strobl

Tree ensembles are flexible predictive models that can capture relevant variables and to some extent their interactions in a compact and interpretable manner. Most algorithms for obtaining tree ensembles are based on versions of boosting or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-21 Gitesh Dawer , Yangzi Guo , Adrian Barbu

Tree-based ensemble methods such as random forests, gradient-boosted trees, and Bayesianadditive regression trees have been successfully used for regression problems in many applicationsand research studies. In this paper, we study ensemble…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-21 Alexandre Seiller , Éric Gaussier , Emilie Devijver , Marianne Clausel , Sami Alkhoury

Tree-based methods are popular machine learning techniques used in various fields. In this work, we review their foundations and a general framework the importance sampled learning ensemble (ISLE) that accelerates their fitting process.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-02 Yinuo Zeng

The increasing complexity of data requires methods and models that can effectively handle intricate structures, as simplifying them would result in loss of information. While several analytical tools have been developed to work with complex…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-16 Riccardo Giubilei , Tullia Padellini , Pierpaolo Brutti

Tree Ensemble (TE) models, such as Gradient Boosted Trees, often achieve optimal performance on tabular datasets, yet their lack of transparency poses challenges for comprehending their decision logic. This paper introduces TE2Rules (Tree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-25 G Roshan Lal , Xiaotong Chen , Varun Mithal

Random forests are a machine learning method used to automatically classify datasets and consist of a multitude of decision trees. While these random forests often have higher performance and generalize better than a single decision tree,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Max Sondag , Christofer Meinecke , Dennis Collaris , Tatiana von Landesberger , Stef van den Elzen

The use of cumulative incidence functions for characterizing the risk of one type of event in the presence of others has become increasingly popular over the past decade. The problems of modeling, estimation and inference have been treated…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-25 Youngjoo Cho , Annette M. Molinaro , Chen Hu , Robert L. Strawderman

Despite their remarkable effectiveness and broad application, the drivers of success underlying ensembles of trees are still not fully understood. In this paper, we highlight how interpreting tree ensembles as adaptive and self-regularizing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-05 Alicia Curth , Alan Jeffares , Mihaela van der Schaar

We propose a procedure to build a decision tree which approximates the performance of complex machine learning models. This single approximation tree can be used to interpret and simplify the predicting pattern of random forests (RFs) and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-31 Yichen Zhou , Giles Hooker

This work develops formal statistical inference procedures for machine learning ensemble methods. Ensemble methods based on bootstrapping, such as bagging and random forests, have improved the predictive accuracy of individual trees, but…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-09-11 Lucas Mentch , Giles Hooker

A new random forest based model for solving the Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem under small tabular data, called Soft Tree Ensemble MIL (STE-MIL), is proposed. A new type of soft decision trees is considered, which is similar to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin

We introduce Hyper-Trees as a novel framework for modeling time series data using gradient boosted trees. Unlike conventional tree-based approaches that forecast time series directly, Hyper-Trees learn the parameters of a target time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Alexander März , Kashif Rasul

In order to develop reliable services using machine learning, it is important to understand the uncertainty of the model outputs. Often the probability distribution that the prediction target follows has a complex shape, and a mixture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Ryuichi Kanoh , Tomu Yanabe

The need for interpreting machine learning models is addressed through prototype explanations within the context of tree ensembles. An algorithm named Adaptive Prototype Explanations of Tree Ensembles (A-PETE) is proposed to automatise the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jacek Karolczak , Jerzy Stefanowski

Tree-based ensembles such as the Random Forest are modern classics among statistical learning methods. In particular, they are used for predicting univariate responses. In case of multiple outputs the question arises whether we separately…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-17 Lena Schmid , Alexander Gerharz , Andreas Groll , Markus Pauly

Random Forest (RF) is well-known as an efficient ensemble learning method in terms of predictive performance. It is also considered a Black Box because of its hundreds of deep decision trees. This lack of interpretability can be a real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Haddouchi Maissae , Berrado Abdelaziz

Decision trees are ubiquitous in machine learning for their ease of use and interpretability. Yet, these models are not typically employed in reinforcement learning as they cannot be updated online via stochastic gradient descent. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Andrew Silva , Taylor Killian , Ivan Dario Jimenez Rodriguez , Sung-Hyun Son , Matthew Gombolay

In this paper, we show that conditional inference trees and ensembles are suitable methods for modeling linguistic variation. As against earlier linguistic applications, however, we claim that their suitability is strongly increased if we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Claus Weihs , Sarah Buschfeld