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Multiparametric families of hypergeometric $\tau$-functions of KP or Toda type serve as generating functions for weighted Hurwitz numbers, providing weighted enumerations of branched covers of the Riemann sphere. A graphical interpretation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-07-02 A. Alexandrov , G. Chapuy , B. Eynard , J. Harnad

We study mirror symmetry for orbifold Hurwitz numbers. We show that the Laplace transform of orbifold Hurwitz numbers satisfy a differential recursion, which is then proved to be equivalent to the integral recursion of Eynard and Orantin…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-08-13 Vincent Bouchard , Daniel Hernandez Serrano , Xiaojun Liu , Motohico Mulase

Recently a new family of enumerative invariants called leaky Hurwitz numbers was introduced by Cavalieri-Markwig-Ranganathan in the context of logarithmic intersection theory. They admit an interpretation via tropical covers where the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Marvin Anas Hahn , Reinier Kramer

We generalize the topological recursion of Eynard-Orantin (2007) to the family of spectral curves of Hitchin fibrations. A spectral curve in the topological recursion, which is defined to be a complex plane curve, is replaced with a generic…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-06-17 Olivia Dumitrescu , Motohico Mulase

Parametric families in the centre ${\bf Z}({\bf C}[S_n])$ of the group algebra of the symmetric group are obtained by identifying the indeterminates in the generating function for Macdonald polynomials as commuting Jucys-Murphy elements.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-01-30 J. Harnad

In this paper, we study a certain type of Hurwitz numbers which count branched covers over the Riemann sphere admitting several branch points with fixed ramification types, one branch point with a fixed number of preimages, and one branch…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Zhiyuan Wang , Chenglang Yang

We prove that the topological recursion formalism can be used to quantize any generic classical spectral curve with smooth ramification points and simply ramified away from poles. For this purpose, we build both the associated quantum…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-03-26 Bertrand Eynard , Elba Garcia-Failde , Olivier Marchal , Nicolas Orantin

Hurwitz numbers count genus $g$, degree $d$ covers of the complex projective line with fixed branched locus and fixed ramification data. An equivalent description is given by factorisations in the symmetric group. Simple double Hurwitz…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-05 Marvin Anas Hahn

It has been noticed since around 2007 that certain enumeration problems can be solved when an analytic or algebraic curve is identified. This curve is the key to the problem. In these lectures, a few such examples are presented. One is a…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Motohico Mulase

We shall consider the product of complex random matrices from the independent complex Ginibre ensembles. The product includes complex matrices $Z_i, Z_i^\dagger, \, i = 1, \ldots, n$ and $2n$ sources (complex matrices $C_i$ and $C_i^*$).…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-09-14 A. Yu. Orlov

We explain how Gaussian integrals over ensemble of complex matrices with source matrices generate Hurwitz numbers of the most general type, namely, Hurwitz numbers with arbitrary orientable or non-orientable base surface and arbitrary…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-03-10 Sergei M. Natanzon , Aleksandr Yu. Orlov

The construction of hypergeometric 2D Toda $\tau$-functions as generating functions for quantum Hurwitz numbers is extended here to multispecies families. Both the enumerative geometrical significance of these multispecies quantum Hurwitz…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-11-01 J. Harnad

This article is an extended version of preprint math.AG/9902104. We find an explicit formula for the number of topologically different ramified coverings of a sphere by a genus g surface with only one complicated branching point in terms of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-10-31 T. Ekedahl , S. Lando , M. Shapiro , A. Vainshtein

Double Hurwitz numbers have at least four equivalent definitions. Most naturally, they count covers of the Riemann sphere by genus g curves with certain specified ramification data. This is classically equivalent to counting certain…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-03-08 Paul Johnson

Hurwitz numbers count ramified covers of a Riemann surface with prescribed monodromy. As such, they are purely combinatorial objects. Tautological classes, on the other hand, are distinguished classes in the intersection ring of the moduli…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aaron Bertram , Renzo Cavalieri , Gueorgui Todorov

We consider products of $n$ random Hermitian matrices which generalize the one-matrix model and show its relation to Hurwitz numbers which count ramified coverings of certain type. Namely, these Hurwitz numbers count $2k$-fold ramified…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Ch. Li , A. Yu. Orlov

We derive the spectral curves for $q$-part double Hurwitz numbers, $r$-spin simple Hurwitz numbers, and arbitrary combinations of these cases, from the analysis of the unstable (0,1)-geometry. We quantize this family of spectral curves and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Motohico Mulase , Sergey Shadrin , Loek Spitz

We consider multi-matrix models that are generating functions for the numbers of branched covers of the complex projective line ramified over $n$ fixed points $z_i$, $i=1,\dots,n$, (generalized Grotendieck's dessins d'enfants) of fixed…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-08-15 Jan Ambjørn , Leonid O. Chekhov

Edge-contraction operations form an effective tool in various graph enumeration problems, such as counting Grothendieck's dessins d'enfants and simple and double Hurwitz numbers. These counting problems can be solved by a mechanism known as…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-08-16 Olivia Dumitrescu , Motohico Mulase

We study spin Hurwitz numbers, which count ramified covers of the Riemann sphere with a sign coming from a theta characteristic. These numbers are known to be related to Gromov-Witten theory of K\"ahler surfaces and to representation theory…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Alessandro Giacchetto , Reinier Kramer , Danilo Lewański