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Out-of-distribution detection methods are often either data-centric, detecting deviations from the training input distribution irrespective of their effect on a trained model, or model-centric, relying on classifier outputs without explicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Michał Kozyra , Gesine Reinert

We present a de Bruijn type approximation for quantifying the content of m smooth numbers, derived from samples obtained through a probability measure over the set of integers less than or equal to n, with point mass function at k inversely…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Arturo Jaramillo , Xiaochuan Yang

We derive and analyze new diffusion approximations of stationary distributions of Markov chains that are based on second- and higher-order terms in the expansion of the Markov chain generator. Our approximations achieve a higher degree of…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-12 Anton Braverman , J. G. Dai , Xiao Fang

We study a novel class of affine invariant and consistent tests for multivariate normality. The tests are based on a characterization of the standard $d$-variate normal distribution by means of the unique solution of an initial value…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-07 Bruno Ebner , Norbert Henze , David Strieder

As an application of Stein's method for Poisson approximation, we prove rates of convergence for the tail probabilities of two scan statistics that have been suggested for detecting local signals in sequences of independent random variables…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-29 Xiao Fang , David Siegmund

In this paper, we present a minimal formalism for Stein operators which leads to different probabilistic representations of solutions to Stein equations. These in turn provide a wide family of Stein-Covariance identities which we put to use…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-27 Marie Ernst , Gesine Reinert , Yvik Swan

Distribution data refers to a data set where each sample is represented as a probability distribution, a subject area receiving burgeoning interest in the field of statistics. Although several studies have developed…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-09 Ryo Okano , Masaaki Imaizumi

Let F ($\nu$) be the centered Gamma law with parameter $\nu$ > 0 and let us denote by P Y the probability distribution of a random vector Y. We develop a multidimensional variant of the Stein's method for Gamma approximation that allows to…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-05-10 Ciprian A Tudor , Jérémy Zurcher

Approximate inference in probability models is a fundamental task in machine learning. Approximate inference provides powerful tools to Bayesian reasoning, decision making, and Bayesian deep learning. The main goal is to estimate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Jun Han

Stein's method allows to prove distributional convergence of a sequence of random variables and to quantify it with respect to a given metric such as Kolmogorov's (a Berry-Ess\'een type theorem). Mod-* convergence quantifies the convergence…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-12 Yacine Barhoumi-Andréani

Gradient information on the sampling distribution can be used to reduce the variance of Monte Carlo estimators via Stein's method. An important application is that of estimating an expectation of a test function along the sample path of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-29 Chris J. Oates , Jon Cockayne , François-Xavier Briol , Mark Girolami

It is an established fact that a finite difference operator approximates a derivative with a fixed algebraic rate of convergence. Nevertheless, we exhibit a new finite difference operator and prove it has spectral accuracy. Its rate of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-07-01 Andre Nachbin

Linear regression is a fundamental and popular statistical method. There are various kinds of linear regression, such as mean regression and quantile regression. In this paper, we propose a new one called distribution regression, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-27 Xin Chen , Xuejun Ma , Wang Zhou

We study the problem of estimating a sequence of evolving probability distributions from historical data, where the underlying distribution changes over time in a nonstationary and nonparametric manner. To capture gradual changes, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Edward J. Anderson , Dominic S. T. Keehan

We discuss Stein's method for approximation by the stationary distribution of a single-birth Markov chain, in conjunction with stochastic monotonicity and similar assumptions. We use bounds on the increments of the solution of Poisson's…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-08 Fraser Daly

In this article, we derive Stein's method for approximating a spatial random graph by a generalised random geometric graph, which has vertices given by a finite Gibbs point process and edges based on a general connection function. Our main…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Dominic Schuhmacher , Leoni Carla Wirth

We develop a general approach to Stein's method for approximating a random process in the path space $D([0,T]\to R^d)$ by a real continuous Gaussian process. We then use the approach in the context of processes that have a representation as…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-24 A. D. Barbour , Nathan Ross , Guangqu Zheng

Building on the rather large literature concerning the regularity of the solution of the standard normal Stein equation, we provide a complete description of the best possible uniform bounds for the derivatives of the solution of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Robert E. Gaunt

We study the weighted Poincar\'e constant $C(p,w)$ of a probability density $p$ with weight function $w$ using integration methods inspired by Stein's method. We obtain a new version of the Chen-Wang variational formula which, as a…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Gilles Germain , Yvik Swan

Sampling distribution, a foundational concept in statistics, is difficult to understand, since we usually have only one realization of the estimator of interest. In this work, we present an innovative method for helping university students…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2021-07-26 Mariela Sued , Marina Valdora