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Multiple systems play an important role in the evolution of star clusters. First we discuss several formation mechanisms which depend on the presence of binaries, either primordial or of dynamical origin. Hierarchical configurations are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sverre J. Aarseth , Rosemary A. Mardling

The asteroid belt is the leftover of the original planetesimal population in the inner solar system. However, currently the asteroids have orbits with all possible values of eccentricities and inclinations compatible with long-term…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 Alessandro Morbidelli , Kevin J. Walsh , David P. O'Brien , David A. Minton , William F. Bottke

The Capture Theory gives planet production through a tidal interaction between a condensed star and a diffuse protostar within a dense embedded cluster. Initial extensive and highly eccentric planetary orbits round-off and decay in a…

General Physics · Physics 2017-09-22 Michael Woolfson

Our understanding of the Solar System has been revolutionized over the past decade by the finding that the orbits of the planets are inherently chaotic. In extreme cases, chaotic motions can change the relative positions of the planets…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 N. Murray , M. Holman

The Sun provides a critical benchmark for the general study of stellar structure and evolution. Also, knowledge about the internal properties of the Sun is important for the understanding of solar atmospheric phenomena, including the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-17 Joergen Christensen-Dalsgaard

Geochemical and astronomical evidence demonstrate that planet formation occurred in two spatially and temporally separated reservoirs. The origin of this dichotomy is unknown. We use numerical models to investigate how the evolution of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-22 Tim Lichtenberg , Joanna Drazkowska , Maria Schönbächler , Gregor J. Golabek , Thomas O. Hands

This chapter of the book Planetary Ring Systems addresses the origin of planetary rings, one of the least understood processes related to planet formation and evolution. Whereas rings seem ubiquitous around giant planets, their great…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 S. Charnoz , R. M. Canup , A. Crida , L. Dones

Exoplanet surveys have confirmed one of humanity's (and all teenagers') worst fears: we are weird. If our Solar System were observed with present-day Earth technology -- to put our system and exoplanets on the same footing -- Jupiter is the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-23 Sean N. Raymond , Andre Izidoro , Alessandro Morbidelli

Most planetary systems -- including our own -- are born within stellar clusters, where interactions with neighboring stars can help shape the system architecture. This paper develops an orbit-averaged formalism to characterize the cluster's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-20 Konstantin Batygin , Fred C. Adams , Yuri K. Batygin , Erik A. Petigura

The physical basis of chaos in the solar system is now better understood: in all cases investigated so far, chaotic orbits result from overlapping resonances. Perhaps the clearest examples are found in the asteroid belt. Overlapping…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Lecar , F. Franklin , M. Holman , N. Murray

All the four giant planets in our Solar System have rings, but their characteristics are very different. The rings consist of a number of small particles, although individual particles have not been directly imaged. Near the central planet,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-25 Keiji Ohtsuki

New insights into the history of the inner solar system are derived from the impact cratering record of the Moon, Mars, Venus and Mercury, and from the size distributions of asteroid populations. Old craters from a unique period of heavy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Robert G. Strom , Renu Malhotra , Takashi Ito , Fumi Yoshida , David A. Kring

The asteroid belt is a unique source of information on some of the most important questions facing solar system science. These questions include the sizes, numbers, types and orbital distributions of the planetesimals that formed the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-20 Stanley F. Dermott , Dan Li , Apostolos A. Christou

The detection of exoplanets and accretion disks around newborn stars has spawned new ideas and models of how our Solar System formed and evolved. Meteorites as probes of geologic deep time can provide ground truth to these models. In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-07 Christoph Burkhardt

Recent knowledge of Galactic dynamics suggests that stars radially move on the disk when they encounter transient spiral arms that are naturally generated during the process of disk formation. We argue that a large movement of the solar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-12-09 Takuji Tsujimoto , Junichi Baba

The hundreds of exoplanets that have been discovered in the past two decades offer a new perspective on planetary structure. Instead of being the archetypal examples of planets, those of our Solar System are merely possible outcomes of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 David S. Spiegel , Jonathan J. Fortney , Christophe Sotin

Collisions are one of the key processes shaping planetary systems. Asteroid families are outcomes of such collisions still identifiable across our solar system. The families provide a unique view of catastrophic disruption phenomena and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-25 Bojan Novakovic , David Vokrouhlicky , Federica Spoto , David Nesvorny

The early gas-dust solar nebula is considered: the gasdynamic theory is used to study the gravitational Jeans-type instability in its protoplanetary disk. The implications for the origin of the solar system are discussed. It is shown that a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Evgeny Griv , Michael Gedalin

Astronomical observations reveal that protoplanetary disks around young stars commonly have ring- and gap-like structures in their dust distributions. These features are associated with pressure bumps trapping dust particles at specific…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-03 Andre Izidoro , Rajdeep Dasgupta , Sean N. Raymond , Rogerio Deienno , Bertram Bitsch , Andrea Isella

Asteroids formed in a dynamically quiescent disk but their orbits became gravitationally stirred enough by Jupiter to lead to high-speed collisions. As a result, many dozen large asteroids have been disrupted by impacts over the age of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 D. Nesvorny , M. Broz , V. Carruba