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Related papers: Odd orders in Shor's factoring algorithm

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We study a hybrid computational model for integer factorization in which the only non-classical resource is access to an \emph{iterated diffusion process} on a finite graph. Concretely, a \emph{diffusion step} is defined to be one…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Carlos A. Cadavid , Paulina Hoyos , Jay Jorgenson , Lejla Smajlović , J. D. Vélez

Let $n = \mathrm{p}\!\cdot\!\mathrm{q}$ (p < q) and $\Delta = \lvert p-q \rvert$, where p,q are odd integers, then, it is hypothesized that factorizing this composite n will take O(1) time once the steady state value is reached for any…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-21 Vishal Mudgal

Shor's algorithm for integer factorization offers an exponential speedup over classical methods but remains impractical on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware due to the need for many coherent qubits and very deep circuits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

The security of RSA algorithm depends upon the positive integer N, which is the multiple of two precise large prime numbers. Factorization of such great numbers is a problematic process. There are many algorithms has been implemented in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-13 Nidhi Lal , Anurag Prakash Singh , Shishupal Kumar

Quantum computation has attracted much attention since it was shown by Shor and Grover the possibility to implement quantum algorithms able to realize, respectively, factoring and searching in a faster way than any other known classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rubens Viana Ramos , Paulo Benicio de Sousa , David Sena Oliveira

We propose a semiclassical version of Shor's quantum algorithm to factorize integer numbers, based on spin-1/2 SU(2) generalized coherent states. Surprisingly, we find evidences that the algorithm's success probability is not too severely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Paolo Giorda , Alfredo Iorio , Samik Sen , Siddhartha Sen

Many modern asymmetric encryption methods rely on prime numbers, as they have distinctive properties. For instance, the security of RSA cryptosystem relies on the computational difficulty of factoring a large composite number in its prime…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anas A. Abudaqa , Nujud Alyami , Mostefa Kara , Farid Binbeshr , Muhammad Imam , Amjad Abuhassan

The algorithm of Shor for prime factorization is a hybrid algorithm consisting of a quantum part and a classical part. The main focus of the classical part is a continued fraction analysis. The presentation of this is often short, pointing…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-07-20 Johanna Barzen , Frank Leymann

Factoring integers is considered as a computationally-hard problem for classical methods, whereas there exists polynomial-time Shor's quantum algorithm for solving this task. However, requirements for running the Shor's algorithm for…

Integer factorization is a significant problem, with implications for the security of widely-used cryptographic schemes. No efficient classical algorithm for polynomial-time integer factorization has been found despite extensive research.…

Shor's factoring algorithm provides a super-polynomial speed-up over all known classical factoring algorithms. Here, we address the question of which quantum properties fuel this advantage. We investigate a sequential variant of Shor's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 Felix Ahnefeld , Thomas Theurer , Dario Egloff , Juan Mauricio Matera , Martin B. Plenio

Let n be any odd natural number other than a perfect square, in this article it is demonstrated that this new factorization algorithm is much more efficient than the implementation technique [2,3 p.1470], described in this article, of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Savino Detto

We present a special-purpose algorithm for factoring semiprimes $N = pq$ in which one prime factor satisfies $p \approx c\,(a/b)^n$ for positive integers $a, b, c, n$ with $a > b$ and $\gcd(a,b) = 1$. Given the correct parameters $(a, b)$,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Sam Blake

Properties of Shor's algorithm and the related period-finding algorithm could serve as benchmarks for the operation of a quantum computer. Distinctive universal behaviour is expected for the probability for success of the period-finding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 E. D. Davis

Almost all public secure communication relies on the inability to factor large numbers. There is no known analytic or classical numeric method to rapidly factor large numbers. Shor[1] has shown that a quantum computer can factor numbers in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-17 Eric Lewin Altschuler , Timothy J. Williams

This paper studies one of the best known quantum algorithms - Shor's factorisation algorithm - via categorical distributivity. A key aim of the paper is to provide a minimal set of categorical requirements for key parts of the algorithm, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-03 Peter Hines

In the near-term, hybrid quantum-classical algorithms hold great potential for outperforming classical approaches. Understanding how these two computing paradigms work in tandem is critical for identifying areas where such hybrid algorithms…

The conventional Quantum Fourier Transform, with exponential speedup compared to the classical Fast Fourier Transform, has played an important role in quantum computation as a vital part of many quantum algorithms (most prominently, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-03 S. S. Zhou , T. Loke , J. A. Izaac , J. B. Wang

We construct simplified quantum circuits for Shor's order-finding algorithm for composites N given by products of the Fermat primes 3, 5, 17, 257, and 65537. Such composites, including the previously studied case of 15, as well as 51, 85,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-17 Michael R. Geller , Zhongyuan Zhou

In recent years, advancements in quantum chip technology, such as Willow, have contributed to reducing quantum computation error rates, potentially accelerating the practical adoption of quantum computing. As a result, the design of quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Abel C. H. Chen