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Let $f(Z)=Z^n-a_{1}Z^{n-1}+\cdots+(-1)^{n-1}a_{n-1}Z+(-1)^na_n$ be a monic polynomial with coefficients in a ring~$R$ with identity, not necessarily commutative. We study the ideal $I_f$ of $R[X_1,\dots,X_n]$ generated by…

For a commutative ring $R$, a polynomial $f\in R[x]$ is called separable if $R[x]/f$ is a separable $R$-algebra. We derive formulae for the number of separable polynomials when $R = \mathbb{Z}/n$, extending a result of L. Carlitz. For…

If a real polynomial $f(x)=p(x^2)+xq(x^2)$ is Hurwitz stable (every root if $f$ lies in the open left half-plane), then the Hermite-Biehler Theorem says that the polynomials $p(-x^2)$ and $q(-x^2)$ have interlacing real roots. We extend…

We consider the set of monic real univariate polynomials of a given degree $d$ with non-vanishing coefficients, with given signs of the coefficients and with given quantities $pos$ of their positive and $neg$ of their negative roots (all…

We present a short elementary proof of the well-known criterion for a cubic polynomial to have three real roots. The proof is based on Fermat's approach to calculus for polynomials. This approach illustrates the idea of a derivative…

In this paper, by the generalized Bell umbra and Rolle's theorem, we give some results on the real rootedness of polynomials. Some applications on partition polynomials and the sigma polynomials of graphs are given.

We study the regularity of the roots of complex univariate polynomials whose coefficients depend smoothly on parameters. We show that any continuous choice of the roots of a $C^{n-1,1}$-curve of monic polynomials of degree $n$ is locally…

Suppose $p$ is a prime, $t$ is a positive integer, and $f\!\in\!\mathbb{Z}[x]$ is a univariate polynomial of degree $d$ with coefficients of absolute value $<\!p^t$. We show that for any fixed $t$, we can compute the number of roots in…

A seminal theorem of Tverberg states that any set of $T(r,d)=(r-1)(d+1)+1$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ can be partitioned into $r$ subsets whose convex hulls have non-empty $r$-fold intersection. Almost any collection of fewer points in…

Presented is a two-tier analysis of the location of the real roots of the general quartic equation $x^4 + ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d = 0$ with real coefficients and the classification of the roots in terms of $a$, $b$, $c$, and $d$, without using…

We compute the precise leading asymptotics of the variance of the number of real roots for a large class of random polynomials, where the random coefficients have polynomial growth. Our results apply to many classical ensembles, including…

Differential calculus is not a unique way to observe polynomial equations such as $a+b=c$. We propose a way of applying difference calculus to estimate multiplicities of the roots of the polynomials $a$, $b$ and $c$ satisfying the equation…

Let a polynomial $f \in \mathbb{Z}[X_1,\ldots,X_n]$ be given. The square sieve can provide an upper bound for the number of integral $\mathbf{x} \in [-B,B]^n$ such that $f(\mathbf{x})$ is a perfect square. Recently this has been generalized…

Let $f(x)$ be a monic polynomial over $\mathbb{Q}$ with complex roots $\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n$. Linear relations among them and $1$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ play an important role when we study the distribution of roots modulo a prime. We study…

We describe a new incomplete but terminating method for real root finding for large multivariate polynomials. We take an abstract view of the polynomial as the set of exponent vectors associated with sign information on the coefficients.…

To directed graphs with unique sink and source we associate a noncommutative associative alsgebra and a polynomial over this algebra. Edges of the graph correspond to pseudo-roots of the polynomial. We give a sufficient condition when…

The notion of 'bifurcating continued fractions' is introduced. Two coupled sequences of non-negative integers are obtained from an ordered pair of positive real numbers in a manner that generalizes the notion of continued fractions. These…

A polynomial $p \in \mathbb{R}[z_1, \cdots, z_n]$ is called real stable if it is non-vanishing whenever all the variables take values in the upper half plane. A well known result of Elliott Lieb and Alan Sokal states that if $p$ and $q$ are…

For a tree $T$, the subtree polynomial of $T$ is the generating polynomial for the number of subtrees of $T$. We show that the complex roots of the subtree polynomial are contained in the disk $\left\{z\in\mathbb{C}\colon\ |z|\leq…

Let $S$ be a finite set of primes. The $S$-part $[m]_S$ of a non-zero integer $m$ is the largest positive divisor of $m$ that is composed of primes from $S$. In 2013, Gross and Vincent proved that if $f(X)$ is a polynomial with integer…