Related papers: Numberings and randomness
We study algorithmically random closed subsets of $2^\omega$, algorithmically random continuous functions from $2^\omega$ to $2^\omega$, and algorithmically random Borel probability measures on $2^\omega$, especially the interplay between…
A family of random matrices is said to converge strongly to a limiting family of operators if the operator norm of every noncommutative polynomial of the matrices converges to that of the limiting operators. Recent developments surrounding…
Martin-L\"of (ML)-reducibility compares $K$-trivial sets by examining the Martin-L\"of random sequences that compute them. We show that every $K$-trivial set is computable from a c.e.\ set of the same ML-degree. We investigate the interplay…
Continuous first-order logic is used to apply model-theoretic analysis to analytic structures (e.g. Hilbert spaces, Banach spaces, probability spaces, etc.). Classical computable model theory is used to examine the algorithmic structure of…
Martin-Lof's definition of random sequences of cbits as those not belonging to any set of constructive zero Lebesgue measure is reformulated in the language of Algebraic Probability Theory. The adoption of the Pour-El Richards theory of…
According to a popular belief, the decimal digits of mathematical constants such as {\pi} behave like statistically independent random variables, each taking the values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 with equal probability of 1/10. If…
The main purpose of this paper is to construct new families of special numbers with their generating functions. These numbers are related to the many well-known numbers, which are the Bernoulli numbers, the Fibonacci numbers, the Lucas…
A concept of randomness for infinite time register machines (ITRMs), resembling Martin-L\"of-randomness, is defined and studied. In particular, we show that for this notion of randomness, computability from mutually random reals implies…
Rubinstein and Sarnak have shown, conditional on the Riemann hypothesis (RH) and the linear independence hypothesis (LI) on the non-real zeros of $\zeta(s)$, that the set of real numbers $x\ge2$ for which $\pi(x)>$ li$(x)$ has a logarithmic…
The aim of this thesis is to determine classes of NP relations for which random generation and approximate counting problems admit an efficient solution. Since efficient rank implies efficient random generation, we first investigate some…
Randomness is a central concept to statistics and physics. Here, a statistical analysis shows experimental evidence that tossing coins and finding last digits of prime numbers are identical regarding statistics for equally likely outcomes.…
We question the commonly accepted statement that random numbers certified by Bell's theorem carry some special sort of randomness, so to say, quantum randomness or intrinsic randomness. We show that such numbers can be easily generated by…
A set of infinite binary sequences $\mathcal{C}\subseteq2^\omega$ is negligible if there is no partial probabilistic algorithm that produces an element of this set with positive probability. The study of negligibility is of particular…
We show that a family of random variables is uniformly integrable if and only if it is stochastically bounded in the increasing convex order by an integrable random variable. This result is complemented by proving analogous statements for…
A Friedman number is a positive integer which is the result of an expression combining all of its own digits by use of the four basic operations, exponentiation and digit concatenation. A "nice" Friedman number is a Friedman number for…
We investigate the special class of formulas made up of arbitrary but finite com- binations of addition, multiplication, and exponentiation gates. The inputs to these formulas are restricted to the integral unit 1. In connection with such…
A result of Shen says that if $F\colon2^{\mathbb{N}}\rightarrow2^{\mathbb{N}}$ is an almost-everywhere computable, measure-preserving transformation, and $y\in2^{\mathbb{N}}$ is Martin-L\"of random, then there is a Martin-L\"of random…
Speedable numbers are real numbers which are algorithmically approximable from below and whose approximations can be accelerated nonuniformly. We begin this article by answering a question of Barmpalias by separating a strict subclass that…
Motivated by results on generic-case complexity in group theory, we apply the ideas of effective Baire category and effective measure theory to study complexity classes of functions which are "fractionally computable" by a partial…
We study the problem of whether a betting-strategy can be decomposed into an equivalent set of simpler betting-strategies, such as betting-strategies that bet on a restricted set of stages or bet on a restricted of favorable outcomes. We…