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Related papers: The coolest 'stars' are free-floating planets

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We present the results of high resolution SPH simulations of the evolution of gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disks. We report on calculations in which the disk is evolved using a locally isothermal or adiabatic equation of state…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lucio Mayer , James Wadsley , Thomas Quinn , Joachim Stadel

According to the magnetospheric accretion scenario, young low-mass stars are surrounded by circumstellar disks which they interact with through accretion of mass. The accretion builds up the star to its final mass and is also believed to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-03 S. Orlando , F. Reale , G. Peres , A. Mignone

The formation of gas-giant planets within the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk is challenging especially far from a star. A promising model for the rapid formation of giant-planet cores is pebble accretion in which gas drag during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 John Chambers

A model of core-clump accretion with equally likely stopping describes star formation in the dense parts of clusters, where models of isolated collapsing cores may not apply. Each core accretes at a constant rate onto its protostar, while…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-30 Philip C. Myers

The earliest phases of star formation are characterised by intense mass accretion from the circumstellar disk to the central star. One group of young stellar objects, the FU Orionis-type stars exhibit accretion rate peaks accompanied by…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-25 O. Fehér , Á. Kóspál , P. Ábrahám , M. R. Hogerheijde , Ch. Brinch , D. Semenov

Traditional thermal evolution models of giant planets employ arbitrary initial conditions selected more for computational expediency than physical accuracy. Since the initial conditions are eventually forgotten by the evolving planet, this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 M. S. Marley , J. J. Fortney , O. Hubickyj , P. Bodenheimer , J. J. Lissauer

The canonical picture of star formation involves disk-mediated accretion, with Keplerian accretion disks and associated bipolar jets primarily observed in nearby, low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs). Recently, rotating gaseous structures…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-30 Anna F. McLeod , Pamela D. Klaassen , Megan Reiter , Jonathan Henshaw , Rolf Kuiper , Adam Ginsburg

Free-floating planets (FFPs) are the lightest products of star formation and they carry important information on the initial conditions of the environment in which they were formed. They were first discovered in the 2000s but still few of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Núria Miret-Roig

Discoveries of close-in young puffy (R$_{\rm p} \gtrsim$ 6 R$_\oplus$) planets raise the question of whether they are bona fide hot Jupiters or puffed-up Neptunes, potentially placing constraints on the formation location and timescale of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-21 Amalia Karalis , Eve J. Lee , Daniel P. Thorngren

Here we show preliminary calculations of the cooling and contraction of a 2 MJ planet. These calculations, which are being extended to 1-10 MJ, differ from other published "cooling tracks" in that they include a core accretion-gas capture…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 J. J. Fortney , M. S. Marley , O. Hubickyj , P. Bodenheimer , J. J. Lissauer

I compare theoretical models of massive star formation with observations of the Orion Hot Core, which harbors one of the closest massive protostars. Although this region is complicated, many of its features (size, luminosity, accretion…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jonathan C. Tan

We report on the first bird's-eye view of the innermost accretion disk around the high-mass protostellar object G353.273+0.641, taken by Atacama Large Millimter/submillimeter Array long-baselines. The disk traced by dust continuum emission…

We report the discovery of seven high proper motion stars with proper motions between about 0.7 and 2.2 arcsec/yr. They were detected in an archival search using multi-epoch positions in the optical SuperCOSMOS Sky Surveys and in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 R. -D. Scholz , I. Lehmann , I. Matute , H. Zinnecker

Free-floating planetary-mass objects (FFPMOs) are known to harbor disks at young ages. Here, we present 1-13 $\mu m$ spectra for eight young FFPMOs with masses of 5-10 M$_\mathrm{Jup}$ (at ages of 1-5 Myr), using the NIRSpec and MIRI…

Recent spectral observations by the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) reveal that some discs around young ($\sim {\rm few} \times 10^6$ yr old) stars have remarkably sharp transitions to a low density inner region in which much of the material…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Varniere , E. G. Blackman , A. Frank , A. Quillen

Star formation is intimately linked to the dynamical evolution of molecular clouds. Turbulent fragmentation determines where and when protostellar cores form, and how they contract and grow in mass via accretion from the surrounding cloud…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ralf Klessen

Numerical simulations show that the migration of growing planetary cores may be dominated by turbulent fluctuations in the protoplanetary disk, rather than by any mean property of the flow. We quantify the impact of this stochastic core…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 W. K. M. Rice , Philip J. Armitage

Current measurements of planet population as a function of stellar mass show three seemingly contradictory signatures: close-in super-Earths are more prevalent around M dwarfs than FGK dwarfs; inner super-Earths are correlated with outer…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-02 Yayaati Chachan , Eve J. Lee

We report on the results of the first 3D SPH simulation of massive, gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disks with radiative transfer. We adopt a flux-limited diffusion scheme justified by the high opacity of most of the disk. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Lucio Mayer , Graeme Lufkin , Thomas Quinn , James Wadsley

We have measured radial velocities of a star, OGLE-TR-56, which shows a 1.2-day transit-like light curve found photometrically by Udalski et al.(2002ab). Here we show that the velocity changes we detect are probably induced by an object of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Konacki , G. Torres , S. Jha , D. Sasselov