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As electronic operating frequencies increase toward the terahertz regime, new electrooptic modulators capable of low-voltage high-frequency operation must be developed to provide the necessary optical interconnects. This letter presents a…
Lowering the operating voltage of electrooptic modulators is desirable for a variety of applications, most notably in analog photonics , and digital data communications . In particular for digital systems such as CPUs, it is desirable to…
Electro-optic modulators with low voltage and large bandwidth are crucial for both analog and digital communications. Recently, thin-film lithium niobate modulators have enable dramatic performance improvements by reducing the required…
Electro-optic phase modulators are critical components in modern communication, microwave photonic, and quantum photonic systems. Important for these applications is to achieve modulators with low half-wave voltage at high frequencies. Here…
Electro-optic modulators are utilized ubiquitously ranging from applications in data communication to photonic neural networks. While tremendous progress has been made over the years, efficient phase-shifting modulators are challenged with…
Modern communication networks require high performance and scalable electro-optic modulators that convert electrical signals to optical signals at high speed. Existing lithium niobate modulators have excellent performance but are bulky and…
High efficiency and a compact footprint are desired properties for electro-optic modulators. In this paper, we propose, theoretically investigate and experimentally demonstrate a recirculating phase modulator, which increases the modulation…
Waveguide-based interferometric circuits are widely employed in optical communications, sensing and computing applications. In particular, glass-based devices are appealing due to the transparency and bio-compatibility of this substrate, or…
We describe five high-voltage (60 to 550V peak to peak), high-speed (1-300ns rise time; 1.3-300MHz bandwidth) linear amplifiers for driving capacitive or resistive loads such as electro-optic modulators. The amplifiers use bipolar…
Temperature drift, stress birefringence and low frequency vibration lead to the randomness and fluctuation of the output of optical voltage sensor(OVS). In order to solve the problem, this study adopts the lock-in amplifier technology with…
Intensity modulators are fundamental components for integrated photonics. From near infrared to visible spectral ranges, they find applications in optical communication and quantum technologies. In particular, they are required for the…
We design and demonstrate a compact, low-power, low-dispersion and broadband optical modulator based on electro-optic (EO) polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide (PCW). The EO polymer is engineered for large EO activity…
Polymer based electro-optic modulators have shown great potentials in high frequency analog optical links. Existing commercial LiNibO3 Mach-Zehnder modulators have intrinsic drawbacks in linearity to provide high fidelity communication. In…
We measure the motional fluctuations of a micromechanical mirror using a Michelson interferometer, and demonstrate its interferometric stability. The position stability of the micromirror is dominated by the thermal mechanical noise of the…
Electro-optical modulators are essential components in optical communication systems. They encode an electrical waveform onto an optical carrier. However, their performance is often limited by inherent electro-optic processes and…
Here we discuss the physics of electro-optic modulators deploying 2D materials. We include a scaling laws analysis showing how energy-efficiency and speed change for three underlying cavity systems as a function of critical device length…
We have demonstrated efficient intersubband electroabsorption in InGaAs/InAlGaAs/InAlAs step quantum wells grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). An absorption modulation of 6 dB at $\lambda=6.0 \mu$m due to Stark shift of the…
The quasi-optical modulation of linear polarization at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths can be achieved by using rotating half wave plates (HWPs) in front of polarization sensitive detectors. Large operational bandwidths are…
Voltage modulated electroluminescence spectra and low frequency ({\leq} 100 kHz) impedance characteristics of electroluminescent diodes are studied. Voltage modulated light emission tracks the onset of observed negative capacitance at a…
Low driving voltage (Vpp), high-speed silicon microring modulator plays a critical role in energy-efficient optical interconnect and optical computing systems owing to its ultra-compact footprint and capability for on-chip…