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As the primary mechanism of digital authentication, user-created passwords exhibit common patterns and regularities that can be learned from leaked datasets. Password choices are profoundly shaped by external factors, including social…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xudong Yang , Jincheng Li , Kaiwen Xing , Zhenjia Xiao , Mingjian Duan , Weili Han , Hu Xiong

Passwords are a fragile, inadequate, and insecure tool for authenticating users, and are especially fraught with problems when used to secure access to network resources and services. In many cases, passwords provide a false sense of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-09-06 Travis Z. Suel

The early detection of cybersecurity events such as attacks is challenging given the constantly evolving threat landscape. Even with advanced monitoring, sophisticated attackers can spend as many as 146 days in a system before being…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Sandeep Narayanan , Ashwinkumar Ganesan , Karuna Joshi , Tim Oates , Anupam Joshi , Tim Finin

Password managers have the potential to help users more effectively manage their passwords and address many of the concerns surrounding password-based authentication, however prior research has identified significant vulnerabilities in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Sean Oesch , Scott Ruoti

CAPTCHAs are commonly used to distinguish between human and bot users on the web. However, despite having various types of CAPTCHAs, there are still concerns about their security and usability. To address these concerns, we surveyed over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Arun Reddy , Yuan Cheng

Password managers are important tools that enable us to use stronger passwords, freeing us from the cognitive burden of remembering them. Despite this, there are still many users who do not fully trust password managers. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Miguel Grilo , João F. Ferreira , José Bacelar Almeida

Password authentication suffers from the well-known tradeoff between security and usability. Secure passwords are difficult for users to remember, and memorable passwords are often easy to guess. SPARse Two-dimensional AuthenticatioN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Sarah C. Helble , Alexander J. Gartner , Jennifer A. McKneely

In low-resource computing contexts, such as smartphones and other tiny devices, Both deep learning and machine learning are being used in a lot of identification systems. as authentication techniques. The transparent, contactless, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Pangoth Santhosh Kumar , Garika Akshay

As network security issues continue gaining prominence, password security has become crucial in safeguarding personal information and network systems. This study first introduces various methods for system password cracking, outlines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jiazhi Mo , Hailu Kuang , Xiaoqi Li

Responding to the thousands of student questions on online QA platforms each semester has a considerable human cost, particularly in computing courses with rapidly growing enrollments. To address the challenges of scalable and intelligent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Yann Hicke , Anmol Agarwal , Qianou Ma , Paul Denny

We consider the problem of secure identification: user U proves to server S that he knows an agreed (possibly low-entropy) password w, while giving away as little information on w as possible, namely the adversary can exclude at most one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-05 Ivan Damgaard , Serge Fehr , Louis Salvail , Christian Schaffner

Privacy policy documents are long and verbose. A question answering (QA) system can assist users in finding the information that is relevant and important to them. Prior studies in this domain frame the QA task as retrieving the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Jianfeng Chi , Yuan Tian , Kai-Wei Chang

Quantum computing presents a double-edged sword: while it has the potential to revolutionize fields such as artificial intelligence, optimization, healthcare, and so on, it simultaneously poses a threat to current cryptographic systems,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ainaz Jamshidi , Khushdeep Kaur , Aryya Gangopadhyay , Lei Zhang

Given the nature of mobile devices and unlock procedures, unlock authentication is a prime target for credential leaking via shoulder surfing, a form of an observation attack. While the research community has investigated solutions to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Adam J. Aviv , John T. Davin , Flynn Wolf , Ravi Kuber

In this paper, we describe ongoing work that focuses on improving the strength of the answers to security questions. The ultimate goal of the proposed research is to evaluate the possibility of nudging users towards strong answers for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-13 Awanthika Senarath , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , B. B. Gupta

We report on a user study that provides evidence that spaced repetition and a specific mnemonic technique enable users to successfully recall multiple strong passwords over time. Remote research participants were asked to memorize 4…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Jeremiah Blocki , Saranga Komanduri , Lorrie Cranor , Anupam Datta

We introduce SemanticLock, a single factor graphical authentication solution for mobile devices. SemanticLock uses a set of graphical images as password tokens that construct a semantically memorable story representing the user`s password.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Ilesanmi Olade , Haining Liang , Charles Fleming

This paper investigates how to effectively stop an attacker from using compromised user credentials to gain authorized entry to systems that they are otherwise not authorised to access. The proposed solution extends previous work to move…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Roy Henha Eyono

Password security hinges on an in-depth understanding of the techniques adopted by attackers. Unfortunately, real-world adversaries resort to pragmatic guessing strategies such as dictionary attacks that are inherently difficult to model in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Dario Pasquini , Marco Cianfriglia , Giuseppe Ateniese , Massimo Bernaschi

Although security questions are still widely adopted, they still have several limitations. Previous research found that using system-generated information to answer security questions could be more secure than users' own answers. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Nicholas Micallef , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage